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immolare (a)

Толкование Перевод

1 immolare

immolare v.tr. (relig.) to sacrifice, to immolate (anche fig.): immolare la propria vita per un ideale, to give one's life for an ideal.

◘ immolarsi v.rifl. to sacrifice oneself // immolare sull'altare della Patria, to sacrifice oneself for one's country.

* * *
[immo'lare]
1. vt

immolare (a) — to sacrifice (to)

2. vr (immolarsi)

immolarsi per — to sacrifice o.s. for

* * *
[immo'lare] 1.
verbo transitivo

1) relig. to immolate, to sacrifice (su on; a to)

2) fig.

immolare la propria vita per qcs. — to give o sacrifice one's life for sth
2.
verbo pronominale immolarsi to immolate oneself

* * *

immolare

/immo'lare/ [1]

I verbo transitivo

1 relig. to immolate, to sacrifice (su on; a to)

2 fig. immolare la propria vita per qcs. to give o sacrifice one's life for sth.

II immolarsi verbo pronominale

to immolate oneself.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > immolare
2 immolare

[immo'lare]
1. vt

immolare (a) — to sacrifice (to)

2. vr (immolarsi)

immolarsi per — to sacrifice o.s. for

Nuovo dizionario Italiano-Inglese > immolare
3 immolare la propria vita per qcs.

immolare la propria vita per qcs.

to give o sacrifice one's life for sth.

\

→ immolare

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > immolare la propria vita per qcs.
4 immolo

immolare, immolavi, immolatus V

sacrifice, offer (victim) in sacrifice; sprinkle with sacred meal; immolate

Latin-English dictionary > immolo
5 sacrificare

sacrifice

* * *

sacrificare v.tr.

1 to sacrifice (anche estens.): sacrificare vittime agli dei, to sacrifice victims to the gods; sacrificare la propria vita alla patria, alla causa della giustizia, to sacrifice (o to lay down) one's life for one's country, in the cause of justice; ha sacrificato le sue ambizioni per i figli, he has sacrificed his own ambitions for the sake of his children

2 ( sprecare) to waste, to squander, to misuse: sacrificare un ingegno in un lavoro ripetitivo, to waste s.o.'s talents in a repetitive job

◆ v. intr.

1 to offer sacrifices, to make* offerings

2 (estens.) ( fare atto di devozione) to pay* homage.

◘ sacrificarsi v.rifl.

1 to sacrifice oneself, to sacrifice one's life: le madri si sacrificano per i figli, mothers sacrifice themselves for their children

2 ( accontentarsi) to make* do (with sthg.), to put* up (with sthg.): sacrificare in due locali, to make do with two rooms.

* * *
[sakrifi'kare]
1. vt

(gen) to sacrifice

2. vr (sacrificarsi)

to sacrifice o.s.

* * *
[sakrifi'kare] 1.
verbo transitivo

1) (immolare) to sacrifice [animale, vite umane]

sacrificare la propria vita per qcn., qcs. — to lay down o give one's life for sb., sth

2) (rinunciare a) to give* up [ tempo libero]

sacrificare la famiglia al lavoro — to put one's work before one's family

3) (non valorizzare)

sacrificare un armadio in un angolo — to waste a closet by putting it in a corner
2.
verbo pronominale sacrificarsi

1) (immolarsi) to sacrifice oneself ( per for)

2) (fare sacrifici) to make* sacrifices ( per for)

* * *

sacrificare

/sakrifi'kare/ [1]

I verbo transitivo

1 (immolare) to sacrifice [animale, vite umane]; sacrificare la propria vita per qcn., qcs. to lay down o give one's life for sb., sth.

2 (rinunciare a) to give* up [ tempo libero]; sacrificare la famiglia al lavoro to put one's work before one's family

3 (non valorizzare) sacrificare un armadio in un angolo to waste a closet by putting it in a corner

II sacrificarsi verbo pronominale

1 (immolarsi) to sacrifice oneself ( per for)

2 (fare sacrifici) to make* sacrifices ( per for).

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > sacrificare
6 hostia

hostĭa (also fostia), ae, f. [2. hostio, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 102 Müll.], an animal sacrificed, a victim, sacrifice (cf.: victima).
I.
Lit.:
cum Trebatius doceat, hostiarum genera esse duo, unum in quo voluntas dei per exta disquiritur, alterum, in quo sola anima deo sacratur, unde etiam haruspices animales has hostias vocant,
Macr. S. 3, 5, 1:
illud ex institutis pontificum et haruspicum non mutandum est, quibus hostiis immolandum cuique deo,
Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 29:
ea prodigia partim majoribus hostiis partim lactentibus procurarentur,
Liv. 22, 1, 15:
majoribus hostiis rem divinam facere,
id. 31, 5, 3:
Veneri immolare hostiam,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 2:
hostiis propitiare Venerem,
id. ib. 4, 2, 25; cf.
v. 27: Pseudole, arcesse hostias, Victimas, lanios, ut ego huic sacrificem summo Jovi,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 93:
hostias immolare,
Cic. Div. 1, 42, 93:
hostias ad sacrificium praebere... hostias redimere (used interchangeably with victimae),
id. Inv. 2, 31, 96 sq.:
hostiae omnibus locis immolabantur,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 51, 3:
C. Mario per hostias dis supplicanti,
Sall. J. 63, 1:
nondum cum sanguine sacro Hostia caelestes pacificasset heros,
Cat. 68, 76:
ad scelus perficiendum caesis hostiis (shortly before: nocturna sacrificia),
Cic. Clu. 68, 194:
mactata hostia,
Hor. C. 1, 19, 16:
non sumptuosa blandior hostia Mollivit aversos Penates Farre pio et saliente mica,
id. ib. 3, 23, 18:
quadraginta hostiis sacrificare,
Liv. 41, 19, 2:
hostiis piare prodigia,
Tac. H. 5, 13:
si primis hostiis litatum non est,
Gell. 4, 6, 6:
ruminalis,
Plin. 8, 51, 77, § 206: maximam hostiam ovilli pecoris appellabant, non ab amplitudine corporis sed ab animo placidiore, Paul. ex Fest. p. 126 Müll.:
(Galli) humanis hostiis aras ac templa funestant,
Cic. Font. 10, 21 (for which:
Galli pro victimis homines immolant,
Caes. B. G. 6, 16, 2); cf.:
humanis hostiis litare,
Tac. G. 9:
humana,
Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 82.—Collect., Verg. A. 1, 334.—
II.
Transf., Hostia, a group of stars belonging to the constellation Centaurus, Hyg. Astr. 3, 37.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > hostia
7 BLÓTA

swear

* * *

I)

(blœt; blét, blétum; blótinn), v.

1) to worship, to worship with sacrifice, with acc. of that which is worshipped; blóta hof, lund, fors, heiðit goð, álfa, heiðnar vættir, lifandi menn, to worship temple, grove, waterfall, &c.; very rare with dat. (blóta goðum);

2) to sacrifice, with dat. of the object sacrificed (blóta mönnum ok fé); absol., blóta til friðar, sigrs, langlífis, árs, byrjar, to make a sacrifice for peace, victory, long life, good season, fair wind.

II)

(að), v.

1) = blóta (blœt, etc.);

2) to curse, with dat. = banna( bið þú fyr þeim, er þér blóta); absol., to swear;

refl., blótast, to go about swearing.

* * *

in old use a strong (and originally a redupl.) verb, blóta—blét—blétu—blótinn; pres. blœt, and with the suffixed negative blœtka ( I worship not), Stor. 22 (the Ed. wrongly blotka, without change of vowel); this form also occurs K. Þ. K. (Kb.) ch. 7, the Ed. 1853 has wrongly blœt(a)r, but a few lines below blótar (weak), probably altered from blœtr; pret. sing. blét, Hkr. (Yngl.) 56, 269; pl. blétu, 56; subj. blétim, 623. 61; imperat. blótt, Am. 75; part. blótinn, and sup. blótið are freq., Hkr. i. 34, 35, 239, Landn. 47, Fas. i. 255: more freq. weak, blóta, að; pres. blótar, blótast, Fas. i. 87, Fbr. 78; pret. blótaði, Landn. 224, 291, 322, Bs. i. 6 (Kr. S.), Nj. 272, Gísl. 140, Fær. 272, Fas. i. 463, 531, Bret., Fms. ii. 263, Hkr. i. 34, 35, Ísl. ii. 109, Fs. 50; only the weak sup. and part. are rare in old writers; blótuð, Hom. 153 (Norse); blótað (sup.), Bs. i. 5 (paper transcript); in Yngl. S. Hkr. i. 34, 35, Unger’s Edition has the old form blét, blótið, but Cod. Fris. l. c. the later mod. form.: [Ulf. blotan (redupl. verb) = λατρεύειν, σέβεσθαι, cp. guþbloteins = παράκλησις, guþblostreis = θεοσεβής; A. S. blôtan = immolare; O. H. G. blozan; the root is probably akin to bletsian, Engl. to bless]:—gener. to worship, to worship with sacrifice; with acc. of the being worshipped, but dat. of the object sacrificed; thus b. hof, lund, fors, goð, álfa, vættir, to worship temple, grove, force, gods, elves, beings; but b. mönnum, þrælum, kvikendum, to sacrifice with men, thralls, beasts, i. e. to sacrifice, slay them: also used absol.:

I. with acc. or absol. to worship; skal Þórólfr b. ok leita heilla þeim bræðrum, Eg. 257, 623. 61, Landn. 40, Hkr. i. 34 sqq., Fs. 41; heiðnar vættir, Nj. 272, Fær. 139, cp. Bret. 84, 94, Landn. 36, Ib. ch. 7, Bs. i. 25; b. til friðar, sigrs, langlífis, árs, byrjar, to make a sacrifice for peace, victory, long life, good season, fair wind, Hkr. i. 239, 34, 56, 11. 97, Fs. 173: of the worship of natural objects, at Giljá stóð steinn ( a stone), er (acc.) þeir frændr höfðu blótað, Bs. i. 5, Harð. S. Ísl. ii. 109; hann blótaði lundinn, he worshipped the grove (cp. Tacitus, sacrum nemus), Landn. 224; hann blótaði forsinn, 291: worship of men (rare), Gríms sonar þess er blótinn var dauðr fyrir þokkasæld ok kallaðr Kamban, 47, Fb. ii. 7; þau vóru bæði blótuð, Edda 83: b. hof, in the phrase, heiðnir menn hof b., Grág., Ísl. ii. 381; blót er oss ok kviðjat, at vér skulum eigi b. heiðit goð, né hauga né hörga, N. G. L. i. 18: worship of animals, Ögvaldr konungr blét kú eina, Hkr. i. 269, Fas. i. 255.

β. with dat. (extremely rare); blótar hann einum gölt (sic!), prob. corrupt = einn (acc.) gölt, Fas. i. 187 a paper transcript.

II. with dat. to sacrifice; sacrifices of men are recorded, Hkr. i. 34, 35, 56, 239, Gísl. 140, Eb. l. c., Fas. i. 452 (Hervar. S.): slaves and criminals were esp. sacrificed, thus representing the executions of modern times; heiðingjar blóta enum verstum mönnum, ok hrinda þeim fyrir björg ok hamra …; enir heiðnu menn höfðu þá stefnu, ok tóku þat ráð at b. tveim mönnum ór hverjum fjórðungi, Bs. i. (Kr. S.) 23: captives, Ó. H. ch. 131; kom þat ásamt með þeim at hafa Hallfreð til blóta, Fs. 102; b. þrælum, Fms. x. 323; b. mönnum ok fé, Fs. (Vd.) 50, Am. 75, Fms. i. 174: a sort of self-immolation is recorded Fb. ii. 72.

III. to curse, swear, vide blót II; with dat. or absol., hann blótar hestunum, Fbr. 78; eigi kvíði ek því þótt biskup blóti mér eðr banni, Bs. i. 708; blótuð verð þú, Hom. 153: reflex, blótask, to go about swearing, Fms. viii. 294: vide Maurer, Bekehr. ii. 195 sqq.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > BLÓTA
8 pōscō

pōscō popōscī, —, ere, inch. [PREC-], to ask urgently, beg, demand, request, desire: Impius es cum poscis, ait: sed pensio clamat, Posce, beg, Iu.: Fauno immolare, Seu poscat agnā sīve malit haedo, if he require it, H.: argentum: pugnam, L.: peccatis veniam, H.: accusant ei, quos populus poscit, demands for punishment: dictatorem reum, require the prosecution of, L.: ego poscor Olympo, it is I that Olympus summons, V.: tua numina, invoke, V.: abs te litteras: parentes pretium pro sepulturā liberūm poscere: non ita creditum Poscis Quintilium deos, H.: Quid dedicatum poscit Apollinem Vates? H.: gravidae posceris exta bovis, they ask you for the entrails, O.: poscor meum Laelapa, they demand of me, O.: Parilia poscor, O.: poscimus, ut cenes civiliter, Iu.: poscat sibi fabula credi, H.: Esse sacerdotes delubraque vestra tueri Poscimus, O.: poscunt maioribus poculis (sc. bibere), challenge with larger goblets.—Of things, to make necessary, demand, require, need, call for: quod res poscere videbatur, Cs.: quod negotium poscebat, S.: terrae semina poscunt, V.
* * *

poscere, poposci, - V

ask, demand

Latin-English dictionary > pōscō
9 decet

dĕcet, cuit, 2, v. impers. [Sanscr. dacas, fame; Gr. dokeô, to seem, think; Lat. decus, dignus]. It is seemly, comely, becoming,; it beseems, behooves, is fitting, suitable, proper (for syn. v. debeo init.):
decere quasi aptum esse consentaneumque tempori et personae,
Cic. Or. 22, 74; cf. also nunc quid aptum sit, hoc est, quid maxime deceat in oratione videamus, id. de Or. 3, 55, 210 (very freq. and class.; not in Caes.).—Constr., with nom. or inf. of the thing, and with acc.; less freq. with dat. of the pers.; sometimes absol.
a.
With nom. rei
(α).
and acc. pers.: Ph. Quin me aspice et contempla, ut haec (sc. vestis) me decet. Sc. Virtute formae id evenit, te ut deceat, quicquid habeas, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 16 sq.; cf.:
quem decet muliebris ornatus, quem incessus psaltriae, Cic. Clod. fragm. 5, p. 105 ed. Beier: te toga picta decet,
Prop. 4, 4, 53 al.; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 30; Quint. 8, 5, 28;
and nec habitus triumphalis feminas deceat,
id. 11, 1, 3; cf.:
omnis Aristippum color decuit,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 23:
intonsus crinis deum,
Tib. 1, 4, 38; cf.:
neglecta decet multas coma,
Ov. A. A. 3, 153; id. F. 2, 106 et saep.:
id maxime quemque decet, quod est cujusque maxime suum,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113:
quod omnes et semper et ubique decet,
Quint. 11, 1, 14:
non si quid Pholoen satis, Et te, Chlori, decet,
Hor. Od. 3, 15, 8 et saep.:
qui flexus deceat miserationem,
Quint. 1, 11, 12:
civitatem quis deceat status,
Hor. Od. 3, 29, 25 et saep.—In plur.:
quem tenues decuere togae nitidique capilli,
Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 32:
te non citharae decent,
id. Od. 3, 15, 14:
alba decent Cererem: vestes Cerealibus albas Sumite,
Ov. F. 4, 619; id. M. 1, 457 et saep.:
nec velle experiri, quam se aliena deceant,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113; Quint. 6, 1, 25:
illa quoque diversa bonum virum decent,
id. 11, 1, 42 et saep.:
duo verba uni apposita ne versum quidem decuerint,
id. 8, 6, 43.—
(β).
Without acc. pers.:
nihil est difficilius quam quid deceat videre,
Cic. Or. 21, 70; cf.:
quid deceat et quid aptum sit personis,
id. Off. 1, 34 fin.:
casus singularis magis decuit,
Quint. 8, 3, 20; id. 11, 3, 161 et saep.:
idem fere in omni genere causarum et proderit et decebit,
id. 11, 1, 14; cf. id. 9, 4, 21.—In plur.:
ubi lepos, joci, risus, vinum, ebrietas decent,
Plaut. Ps. prol. 20:
cum magna pars est exhausta orationis, pene omnia decent,
Quint. 11, 3, 147; 150; id. 11, 1, 48 et saep. —
(γ).
With dat.:
istuc facinus nostro generi non decet,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 188: certa est ratio quae deceat philosopho, Apul. Flor. 3, p. 355, 13; Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 34; cf. infra. —
b.
With inf.
(α).
and acc. pers.:
non te mihi irasci decet,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 24:
hanc maculam nos decet effugere,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 31:
oratorem irasci minime decet,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 25; Quint. 12, 6, 3; Ov. M. 3, 265; so freq. with inf. pass.:
specimen naturae capi debet ex optima quaque natura,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 32:
mortalin' decuit violari vulnere divum?
Verg. A. 12, 797; Ter. And. prol. 16. —
(β).
Without acc.:
injusta ab justis impetrare non decet,
Plaut. Am. prol. 35:
exemplis grandioribus decuit uti,
Cic. Div. 1, 20; Ov. M. 8, 27:
nunc decet caput impedire myrto: nunc et in umbrosis Fauno decet immolare lucis,
Hor. Od. 1, 4, 9 sq.; id. Ep. 1, 17, 2; Pers. 3, 27.—
(γ).
With dat.:
decet tantae majestati eas servare leges, quibus, etc.,
Dig. 32, 1, 23:
ita uti liberali esse ingenio decet,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 89:
prima certe pensari decet populo utrum, etc.,
Liv. 34, 58, 8.
c.
Absol.
(α).
with acc. pers.:
ita ut vos decet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 40; cf.:
facis, ut te decet,
Ter. Andr. 2, 5, 10; id. Heaut. 5, 5, 10:
ita uti fortes decet milites,
id. Eun. 4, 7, 44; cf.: id. Andr. 2, 6, 14:
illum decet,
Quint. 9, 4, 15 et saep.—
(β).
Without case:
eia haud sic decet,
Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 35; cf. id. Hec. 2, 2, 10:
fecisti ut decuerat,
id. ib. 4, 4, 66:
minus severe quam decuit,
Cic. Phil. 6, 1:
velata parte oris, quia sic decebat,
it was becoming, Tac. A. 13, 45:
nihil aliter ac deceat,
id. Att. 6, 3, 8: perge;
decet,
Verg. A. 12, 153 et saep.—
(γ).
With dat.:
ita nobis decet,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 5; id. Heaut. 5, 2, 12:
locum editiorem quam victoribus decebat,
Sall. H. 1, 98 (Serv. Verg. A. 8, 127.)— Hence, dĕcens, entis, P. a. (freq. in Hor., Ov., and post-Aug. prose, esp. Quint.; not in Verg.; in Cic. once adverbially, and cf. decentia), seemly, becoming, decent, proper, fit:
amictus,
Ov. Pont. 2, 5, 52; cf.:
decentior amictus,
Quint. 11, 3, 156;
and sinus (togae) decentissimus,
id. 11, 3, 140:
ornatus,
id. 2, 15, 21:
motus,
Hor. Od. 4, 13, 17; Quint. 1, 10, 26; cf.:
corporis decens et accommodatus orationi motus,
id. 11, 3, 29;
and allevatio atque contractio humerorum,
id. 11, 3, 83:
decentissimum sponsalium genus,
Sen. Ben. 1, 9 et saep.:
quid verum atque decens,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 11:
decentius erit servare pudorem,
Quint. 11, 1, 78; cf. 8, 6, 6.—
2.
Esp. of corporeal fitness and symmetry, regularly, symmetrically, handsomely shaped; well-formed; noble:
forma,
Ov. Am. 3, 1, 9; cf.:
habitus decentior quam sublimior,
Tac. Agr. 44:
facies,
Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 33:
malae,
Hor. Od. 3, 27, 53:
Venus,
id. ib. 1, 18, 6; cf.:
Cynthia,
Prop. 4, 8, 52 (5, 8, 52 M.):
Gratiae,
Hor. Od. 1, 4, 6:
(Paullus) et nobilis et decens,
id. ib. 4, 1, 13: pulcher et decens toto corpore, Suct. Dom. 18; cf. Juv. 6, 161:
sumptis decentior armis Minerva,
Ov. H. 5, 35; Quint. 8, 3, 10 et saep.— Adv.: decenter (acc. to no. 1), becomingly, decently, properly, fitly:
fictis nominibus decenter uti,
Plin. Ep. 6, 21, 5; cf.:
fieri,
Quint. 11, 1, 79:
singula quaeque locum teneant sortita decenter,
Hor. A. P. 92; cf.:
maesta,
Ov. Am. 2, 5, 44.— Comp.: Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 216; Quint. 9, 1, 21 al.— Sup., a false reading for diligentissime, Cic. Caes. 26, 74.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > decet
10 flaminica

flāmĭnĭca, ae, f. [1. flamen], the wife of a flamen, who assisted at the sacrifices: Ov. F. 2, 27; Tert. Exhort. ad Cast. 13; Inscr. Orell. 2225 sq.: flaminicae Diales, Massur. Sabin. ap. Gell. 10, 15, 26:
Dialis,
Tac. A. 4, 16;
Paul. ex Fest. s. v. flaminia, p. 93 Müll.: FLAMINICAE PRIMAE AVGVSTI,
Inscr. Orell. 345:
flaminica omnibus nundinis in regia Jovi arietem soleat immolare,
Macr. S. 1, 16, 30.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > flaminica
11 gratus

grātus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. har-jami, love, desire; Gr. chairô, charma, charis].
I.
Pass., beloved, dear, acceptable, pleasing, agreeable (syn.: acceptus, jucundus, optatus, dulcis, blandus, suavis; in this signif. in ante-Aug. prose, viz. in Cic. and Cæs., only of things; gratiosus, mostly of persons).
A.
Of things:
non ille (amor tuus) quidem mihi ignotus, sed tamen gratus et optatus: dicerem jucundus, nisi id verbum in omne tempus perdidissem,
Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1; cf.:
illud tamen dicam, mihi id, quod fecisti, esse gratissimum. Tale enim tuum judicium non potest mihi non summe esse jucundum. Quod cum ita sit, esse gratum necesse est,
id. ib. 13, 8, 2:
ista veritas, etiam si jucunda non est, mihi tamen grata est,
id. Att. 3, 24, 2; cf. also: cujus officia jucundiora licet saepe mihi fuerint, numquam tamen gratiora, id. Fam. 4, 6, 1:
quae omnia mihi jucunda, hoc extremum etiam gratum fuit,
id. ib. 10, 3, 1;
so corresp. or connected with jucundus,
id. ib. 1, 17, 6; id. Rosc. Am. 18, 51; id. Cat. 4, 1, 1; Plin. 26, 3, 8, § 14; Plin. Ep. 5, 3, 1; 8, 23, 5:
quid est, quod aut populo Romano gratius esse debeat aut sociis exterisque nationibus optatius esse possit,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 7; so with optatus cf. above, the passage Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1: quod approbaris, id gratum acceptumque habendum. id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45; cf.:
mihi pol grata acceptaque hujus est benignitas,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 49; Cat. 96, 1:
munus eorum gratum acceptumque esse,
Nep. Hann. 7;
rarely in the contrary order: quorum mihi Dona accepta et grata habeo, tuaque ingrata,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 56: Tox. Credidi gratum fore Beneficium meum apud te. Do. Immo equidem gratiam tibi habeo, id. Pers. 4, 7, 8; cf.:
grata tibi esse mea officia non miror: cognovi enim te gratissimum omnium, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 5, 11, 1:
quam multi, ut Galli, ut Poeni homines immolare et pium et diis immortalibus gratissimum esse duxerunt!
Cic. Rep. 3, 9; cf. Caes. B. G. 6, 16, 5; Cic. ap. Non. 398, 28 (Rep. 6, 2 Mos.); cf. in comp.:
sedere in his scholis gratius erat quam ire per solitudines, etc.,
Plin. 26, 2, 6, § 11; cf.
also: hedera est gratissima Baccho,
Ov. F. 3, 767:
dapibus supremi Grata testudo Jovis,
Hor. C. 1, 32, 14:
eoque erat cujusque gratior in re publica virtus, quod, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34 fin.; 2, 35:
o diva, gratum quae regis Antium,
Hor. C. 1, 35, 1; cf.:
grato sub antro,
id. ib. 1, 5, 3:
locus,
id. Ep. 2, 2, 46:
tempus,
id. ib. 2, 2, 198:
hora,
id. ib. 1, 4, 14:
dies,
id. C. 4, 5, 7:
lux,
id. S. 1, 5, 39:
nox,
id. Carm. Sec. 23:
carmina,
id. C. 1, 15, 14; 3, 11, 23:
artes,
id. ib. 4, 13, 22:
error mentis,
id. Ep. 2, 2, 140:
protervitas,
id. C. 1, 19, 7 et saep.:
feceris, si de re publica quid sentias explicaris, nobis gratum omnibus,
will do us all a favor, Cic. Rep. 1, 21 fin.; cf.:
quamobrem utrique nostrum gratum admodum feceris,
id. Lael. 4, 16:
quod si eum interfecerit, multis sese nobilibus gratum esse facturum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 20:
quapropter gratissimum mihi feceris, si curaris, ut, etc.... Hoc mihi gratius facere nihil potes,
a very great favor... no greater favor, Cic. Fam. 13, 44:
is adulescens ita locatus est, ut, quae rebus grata erant, gratiora verbis faceret,
Liv. 45, 13, 13:
gratum elocuta consiliantibus Junone divis,
something pleasant, Hor. C. 3, 3, 17.—
B.
Of living beings.
(α).
With dat.:
Herophile Phoebo grata,
Tib. 2, 5, 68; cf.:
vates diis gratissima,
Ov. F. 1, 585; and:
superis deorum gratus (Mercurius) et imis,
Hor. C. 1, 10, 20:
donec gratus eram tibi,
id. ib. 3, 9, 1; cf. Prop. 1, 2, 31:
gratus Alexandro regi Magno fuit ille Choerilus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 232; Suet. Caes. 27:
cui (Maecenati) cum se gratum et acceptum in modum amici videret,
id. Gramm. 21:
filio ejus Fausto gratissimus fuit,
id. ib. 12:
(cervus) gratus erat tibi,
Ov. M. 10, 121.—
(β).
Absol.:
olim gratus eram,
Prop. 1, 12, 7; Hor. C. 4, 6, 21:
conviva,
id. S. 2, 2, 119:
comitum gratissime,
Ov. M. 14, 221; cf.:
juvenum gratissime Crantor,
id. ib. 12, 367:
o mihi de fratris longe gratissime natis,
id. ib. 12, 586:
quaestor consulibus suis non minus jucundus et gratus quam usui fuit,
Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 5.—Hence, subst.: grātus, i, m., a favorite, darling:
quam (classem) non amicorum sed gratorum appellabat,
Suet. Tib. 46 fin.
II.
Act., thankful, grateful; thankworthy, deserving or procuring thanks (beneficii memor):
cognovi te gratissimum omnium: nec enim tu mihi habuisti modo gratiam, verum etiam cumulatissime retulisti,
Cic. Fam. 5, 11, 1; cf. id. Leg. 1, 18, 49:
quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, cum te re ipsa atque animo scirem esse gratissimum, tamen, etc.,
id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:
si bene de me meritis gratum me praebeo, etc.,
id. Planc. 38, 91 (v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 508); cf.:
ut grati ac memores beneficii esse videantur,
id. Agr. 2, 8, 21:
Hegesaratus, magnis meis beneficiis ornatus in consulatu suo, memor et gratus fuit,
id. Fam. 13, 25; cf. also id. Att. 9, 11, A, 3:
tu quam gratus erga me fueris, ipse existimare potes,
id. Fam. 5, 5, 2; cf.: ut quam gratissimus erga te esse cognoscerer, id. ib. 1, 5, 1; Quint. 11, 2, 12: gratiorem me esse in te, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 1:
si quod adest gratum juvat,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 13; id. C. 1, 12, 39:
laudo vos, Quirites, cum gratissimis animis prosequimini nomen clarissimi adolescentis,
Cic. Phil. 4, 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 14, 11, 30, and 10, 3, 7:
tu, quamcumque deus tibi fortunaverit horam, gratā sume manu,
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 23:
quod tamen nunc faciam: tum, cum gratum mihi esse potuit, nolui,
i. e. might have procured me thanks, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 21:
est istuc datum Profecto, ut grata mihi sint, quae facio, omnia,
id. Eun. 3, 1, 6 Ruhnk.; cf.:
didicisse, quam sit re pulchrum, beneficio gratum, fama gloriosum, tyrannum occidere,
productive of gratitude, Cic. Phil. 2, 46, 117:
pro quibus beneficiis vix satis gratus videar,
Sall. H. 2, 41, 5 Dietsch.— Hence, adv.: grātē.
1.
(Acc. to I. = jucunde.) With pleasure, agreeably, willingly (rare in the class. period):
praeterita grate meminit et, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 62:
liberti pupillorum grate facient, si, etc.,
Dig. 26, 10, 3:
insignis haec munificentia... nec a debitoribus magis quam a creditoribus gratius excepta,
Just. 12, 11, 2:
gratissime provocari,
Macr. S. 7, 2.—
2.
(Acc. to II.) Thankfully, gratefully (class.):
aliquid et grate et pie facere,
Cic. Planc. 41, 98; cf.:
quid pie, quid grate, quid humaniter, aut fecerit aut tulerit,
id. de Or. 2, 11, 46; Suet. Aug. 66:
natales grate numeras,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 210:
beneficium qui dat, vult accipi grate,
Sen. Ben. 2, 31:
aliquid recipere,
Suet. Ner. 22; and in sup.:
id munus inter censoria opera gratissime acceptum est,
Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 214.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > gratus
12 ipse

ipse ( ipsus, Cato, R. R. 70; 71; Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 43; id. Trin. 2, 2, 40; 3, 1, 10 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 15; id. Eun. 3, 4, 8, id. Hec. 3, 5, 5; Jusjur. Milit. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4 al.), a, um (ipsud, Gloss. Philox.); gen. ipsīus ( poet. also ipsĭus, Cat. 64, 43; Verg. A. 1, 114; 2, 772 al.; and dissyl. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 15; id. Phorm. 4, 5, 13: ipsi, Afran. ap. Prisc. 694); dat. ipsi (ipso, App. M. 10, p. 243, 24); pron. demonstr. [is - pse for pte; cf. sua-pte and -pote in ut-pote; root in potis; Sanscr. patis, lord, master; hence, = he, the master, himself, etc.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 866 sq.; Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 116. Hence, in the original form, the pronoun is was declined, while the suffix was unchanged; thus eopte = eo ipso, Paul. ex Fest. p. 110:
eapse = ea ipsa,
id. p. 77; nom. sing. eapse, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 4; id. Cist. 1, 2, 17; id. Rud. 2, 3, 80; 2, 5, 21 al.; acc. eumpse, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:
eampse,
Plaut. Aul. 5, 7; id. Cist. 1, 3, 22; id. Men. 5, 2, 22 al.; abl. eopse, Plaut. Curc, 4, 3, 6:
eāpse,
id. Trin. 4, 2, 132; id. Curc. 4, 3, 2; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 197 sq.], = autos, self, in person, he (emphatic), himself, herself, itself, used both substantively and adjectively, to denote that person (thing) of which something is eminently or exclusively predicated.
I.
In gen.
A.
With substt. or pronn.
1.
Expressing eminence or distinction:
ipse ille Gorgias... in illo ipso Platonis libro,
Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 129:
ille ipse Marcellus,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:
natura ipsa,
id. Brut. 29, 112:
dicet pro me ipsa virtus,
id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:
ipsa res publica,
id. Fam. 3, 11, 3:
neque enim ipse Caesar est alienus a nobis,
id. ib. 6, 10, 2:
ipse Moeris,
Verg. E. 8, 96:
rex ipse Aeneas,
id. A. 1, 575:
ipse aries,
id. E. 3, 95:
ductores ipsi,
id. A. 1, 189:
si in ipsa arce habitarem,
Liv. 2, 7, 10;
esp. freq. with names of gods, etc.: naturas quas Juppiter ipse Addidit,
Verg. G. 4, 149; id. A. 3, 222; Hor. C. 1, 16, 12:
Pater ipse,
Verg. G. 1, 121; Tib. 1, 4, 23:
Venus ipsa,
Hor. C. 2, 8, 13; Ov. H. 19, 159:
ipse pater Pluton,
Verg. A. 7, 327 et saep.—Prov.:
audentes deus ipse juvat,
Ov. M. 10, 586.—
2.
For emphasis or in contrast, very, just, precisely, self, in person:
adest optime ipse frater,
Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66:
in orationibus hisce ipsis,
Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 73:
ea ipsa hora,
id. Fam. 7, 23, 4:
nec carmina nobis Ipsa placent: ipsae rursus concedite silvae,
Verg. E. 10, 63:
tute ipse his rebus finem praescripsti,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 124:
lepide ipsi hi sunt capti,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 91:
ego enim ipse cum eodem isto non invitus erraverim,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:
ipse ille divinationis auctor,
id. Div. 2, 28, 61:
cariorem esse patriam quam nosmet ipsos,
id. Fin. 3, 19, 64:
eaque ipsa causa belli fuit,
the very, the true cause, Liv. 1, 57, 1; esp. with is, in all persons and numbers:
estne hic Philto? Is hercle'st ipsus,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 31:
cui tutor is fuerat ipse,
Liv. 5, 33, 3:
jam id ipsum absurdum, maximum malum neglegi,
even, Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93 (Madv.); id. de Or. 2, 30, 132:
tempus ad id ipsum congruere,
Liv. 1, 5, 5:
duum vir ad id ipsum creatus,
id. 2, 42, 5:
Tullius et eos ipsos et per eos multitudinem aliam deduxit,
id. 2, 38, 1:
eorum ipsorum facta (opp. loca in quibus, etc.),
Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2:
nec vero clarorum virorum post mortem honores permanerent, si nihil eorum ipsorum animi efficerent,
id. de Sen. 22, 80:
ad eum ipsum honorem deferre,
Liv. 3, 51, 3; so sometimes with an inf. or subst.-clause:
ipsum dicere ineptum,
Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112:
quid juvat quod ante initum tribunatum veni, si ipsum, quod veni, nihil juvat?
the mere fact, the fact alone, id. Att. 11, 9, 1:
ipsum, quod habuisti,
Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 12, 2:
et ipsum, quod sum victus, ama,
Luc. 8, 78.— Esp. in legal phrase: ipso jure, by the letter of the law, in legal strictness or precision, Gai Inst. 2, 198; 3, 181; 4, 106 sqq. et saep.—
B.
Alone, emphatically taking the place of an omitted person. or demonstr. pron.: Ar. Ubi is nunc est? He. Ubi ego minume atque ipsus se volt maxume, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 1, 10: Su. Is ipsusne's? Ch. Aio: Su. Ipsus es? id. Trin. 4, 2, 146:
atque ipsis, ad quorum commodum pertinebat, durior inventus est Coelius,
Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:
quaeram ex ipsā,
Cic. Cael. 14:
tempus, quo ipse eos sustulisset, ad id ipsum congruere,
Liv. 1, 5, 5:
agrum dare immunem ipsi, qui accepisset, liberisque,
id. 21, 45, 5; 9, 34, 18; 10, [p. 999] 6, 10:
laeta et ipsis qui rem gessere expugnatio fuit,
id. 28, 4, 1:
a nobis exposita, ut ab ipsis, qui eam disciplinam probant,
Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 13.—So freq. in Cic. before a rel.:
ut de ipso, qui judicarit, judicium fieri videretur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 44, 82:
ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, ad nos deferunt,
id. de Or. 1, 58, 250; 2, 14, 60; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:
nullis definitionibus utuntur, ipsique dicunt ea se modo probare, quibus natura tacita assentiatur,
Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40 Madv. —
C.
To make prominent one of two or more subjects of any predicate, he ( she, il), for his part, he too, also, as well.
1.
Ipse alone:
litterae Metello Capuam adlatae sunt a Clodia, quae ipsa transiit,
i. e. also, in person, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3:
Italiam ornare quam domum suam maluit: quamquam Italia ornata domus ipsa mihi videtur ornatior,
id. Off. 2, 22, 76:
tris ipse excitavit recitatores,
he too, id. Clu. 51, 141:
neque tanti timoris sum ut ipse deficiam,
Caes. B. C. 2, 31, 8:
Jugurtha, tametsi regem ficta locutum intellegebat, et ipse longe aliter animo agitabat,
Sall. J. 11, 1:
hoc Rhipeus, hoc ipse Dymas omnisque juventus Laeta facit,
Verg. A. 2, 394.—
2.
With conjunctions.
(α).
With etiam (class.):
ipse etiam Fufidius in numero fuit,
Cic. Brut. 29, 112: scribebat orationes quas alii dicerent: quamquam is etiam ipse scripsit eas, quibus pro se est usus, sed non sine Aelio;
his enim scriptis etiam ipse interfui,
id. ib. 56, 206 sq. —
(β).
With quoque:
quippe quia plebs senatus consultum solvit, ipsi quoque solutum vultis,
Liv. 3, 21, 4:
consul, quia collegae decretum triumphum audivit, ipse quoque triumphi flagitator Romam rediit,
id. 8, 12, 9:
cum subito Sulpicius et Albinovanus objecissent catervas, ipse quoque (Sulla) jaculatus, etc.,
Flor. 3, 21, 7.—
(γ).
With et (et ipse = kai autos, ipse etiam; rare in Cic.; cf.
Zumpt, Gram. § 698): tamen et ipsi tuae familiae genere et nomine continebuntur,
Cic. Caecin. 20, 58:
deseret eos quos una scis esse, cum habeat praesertim et ipse cohortis triginta?
id. Att. 8, 7, 1; id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:
Cornelius dictatorem Aemilium dixit, et ipse ab eo magister equitum est dictus,
Liv. 4, 31, 5:
credo ego vos, socii, et ipsos cernere,
id. 21, 21, 3:
Cornelio minus copiarum datum, quia L. Manlius praetor et ipse cum praesidio in Galliam mittebatur,
id. 21, 17, 7:
qui et ipse crus fregerat,
Suet. Aug. 43:
Antoninus Commodus nihil paternum habuit, nisi quod contra Germanos feliciter et ipse pugnavit,
Eutr. 8, 7:
virtutes et ipsae taedium pariunt,
Quint. 9, 4, 43. —
(δ).
With nec ( = ne ipse quidem):
primis repulsis Maharbal cum majore robore virorum missus nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit,
Liv. 23, 18, 4:
nihil moveri viderunt, nec ipsi quicquam mutarunt,
id. 37, 20, 8:
neque ipsi,
id. 30, 42, 7: crimina non quidem nec ipsa mediocria;
sed quid ista sunt prae iis, etc.,
id. 34, 32, 9.
II.
Esp.
A.
By way of eminence, ipse is used to indicate the chief person, host, master, teacher, etc.:
ipsa, the mistress, etc.: ipsus tristis,
Ter. And. 2, 2, 23:
ipsum praesto video,
id. ib. 2, 5, 3:
ego eo quo me ipsa misit,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 2, 10:
suam norat ipsam tam bene, quam puella matrem,
Cat. 3, 7 (Müll., ipsa); cf.:
Pythagorei respondere solebant, ipse dixit,
i. e. Pythagoras, Cic. N. D. 1, 5, 10; cf.:
nec hoc oratori contingere inter adversarios quod Pythagorae inter discipulos potest ipse dixit,
Quint. 11, 1, 27:
cum veniat lectica Mathonis plena ipso,
the great man, Juv. 1, 33:
anseris ante ipsum jecur,
before the host, id. 5, 114.—
B.
Of or by one ' s self, of one ' s own accord = suā sponte, ultro:
videar non ipse promisisse (opp. to fortuito),
Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 111:
de manibus delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,
id. Off. 1, 22, 77:
valvae clausae se ipsae aperuerunt,
id. Div. 1, 37, 74:
ipsae lacte domum referent distenta capellae Ubera,
Verg. E. 4, 21:
ipsi potum venient juvenci,
id. ib. 7, 11; cf.:
aliae ipsae Sponte sua veniunt,
id. G. 2, 10:
fruges sponte sua (tellus) primum ipsa creavit,
Lucr. 2, 11, 58; and autai for automatoi, Theocr. Idyll. 11, 12.—
C.
Himself exclusively.
1.
By or in one ' s self, alone:
haec ipse suo tristi cum corde volutat,
Verg. A. 6, 185:
his actis, aliud genitor secum ipse volutat,
id. ib. 12, 843: tempus secum ipsa Exigit, id. ib. 4, 475:
quam facile exercitu soclos conservaturus sit, qui ipso nomine ac rumore defenderit,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 45:
multa secum ipse volvens,
Sall. C. 32, 1:
aestimando ipse secum,
Liv. 25, 23, 11.—
2.
In one ' s self, for one ' s own sake:
ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amare,
Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48.—
3.
Of one ' s self, of one ' s own nature, etc.:
erat ipse immani acerbāque naturā Oppianicus,
Cic. Clu. 15, 44:
duo imperatores, ipsi pares, ceterum opibus disparibus,
Sall. J. 52, 1:
natura serpentium, ipsa perniciosa, siti accenditur,
id. ib. 89, 5.—
D.
With advv. of time.
1.
Nunc ipsum, just now, at this very time:
nunc ipsum exurit,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 16:
nunc ipsum non dubitabo rem tantam adicere,
Cic. Att. 7, 3, 2; 8, 9, 2:
nunc tamen ipsum sine te esse non possum,
id. ib. 12, 16. —
2.
Tum ipsum, just then, at that very time:
id, quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,
Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124:
ratio largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum ad facultates accommodanda est,
id. Off. 2, 17, 60:
et tum ipsum, cum immolare velis, extorum fieri mutatio potest,
id. Div. 1, 52, 118; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv.—
E.
With numerals, just, exactly, precisely (opp. fere):
triginta dies erant ipsi, cum, etc.,
Cic. Att. 3, 21 init.:
ipsas undecim esse legiones,
id. Fam. 6, 18, 2:
nam cum dixisset minus 1000 (sc. milia), populus cum risu acclamavit, ipsa esse,
id. Caecin. 10, 28; cf. id. Brut. 15, 61; 43, 162:
ipso vigesimo anno,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 9, § 25. —
F.
In reflexive uses,
1.
Ipse strengthens the subject when opposed in thought to other agents; the object, when opposed to other objects; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696; Kennedy, Gram. § 67, 3; Madv. Gram. § 487, 6. — Hence,
a.
With subject.
(α).
In gen.:
non egeo medicina (i. e. ut alii me consolentur), me ipse consolor,
Cic. Lael. 3, 10:
Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit,
id. N. D. 2, 3, 7:
neque potest exercitum is continere imperator, qui se ipse non continet,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 38:
Artaxerxes se ipse reprehendit,
Nep. Dat. 5:
ipsa se virtus satis ostendit,
Sall. J. 85; cf.:
deponendo tutelam ipse in se unum omnium vires convertit,
Liv. 24, 4, 9:
deforme etiam est de se ipsum praedicare,
Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137.—
(β).
With special emphasis, ipse is joined to the subject to indicate its relation to itself as both subject and object, though the antithesis would suggest another case (Cic.):
cum iste sic erat humilis atque demissus, ut non modo populo Romano, sed etiam sibi ipse condemnatus videretur,
Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17:
si quis ipse sibi inimicus est,
id. Fin. 5, 10, 28:
qui ipsi sibi bellum indixissent,
id. ib. 5, 10, 29:
quoniam se ipsi omnes natura diligant,
id. ib. 3, 18, 59:
nam si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,
id. de Or. 2, 2, 8.—
b.
With object:
neque vero ipsam amicitiam tueri (possumus), nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus,
Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67:
omne animal se ipsum diligit,
id. ib. 5, 9, 24:
fac ut diligentissime te ipsum custodias,
id. Fam. 9, 14, 8:
Pompeianus miles fratrem suum, dein se ipsum interfecit,
Tac. H. 3, 51:
Lentulum, quem mihi ipsi antepono,
Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 5.—
2.
Ipse defines the subject of a reflexive pronoun:
natura movet infantem, sed tantum ut se ipse diligat (where ipse shows that se refers to infantem),
Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 33: proinde consulant sibi ipsi;
jubeant abire se,
Just. 16, 4, 15:
neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,
Nep. Paus. 4:
in portis murisque sibimet ipsos tecta coëgerat aedificare,
Liv. 27, 3, 2 (cf. 1. a. supra).—
3.
Ipse stands for the reflexive pronoun,
a.
Where the person or thing referred to is to be emphatically distinguished from others (class.):
cum omnes se expetendos putent, nec id ob aliam rem, sed propter ipsos, necesse est ejus etiam partes propter se expeti, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46:
quis umquam consul senatum ipsius decretis parere prohibuit?
id. Sest. 14, 32:
quos, quidquid ipsis expediat, facturos arbitrabimur,
id. Fin. 2, 35, 117:
qui negant se recusare, quo minus, ipsis mortuis, terrarum deflagratio consequatur,
id. ib. 3, 19, 64:
nec quid ipsius natura sit intellegit,
id. ib. 5, 9, 24.—
b.
In a subordinate clause, to point out either the subject of the principal clause, or the chief agent or speaker;
esp. where se or sibi is already applied to the subject of the subordinate clause: ne ob eam rem aut suae magnopere virtuti tribueret aut ipsos despiceret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 5:
legatos ad consulem mittit, qui tantum modo ipsi liberisque vitam peterent,
Sall. J. 16, 2; cf.:
ipsis mortuis,
Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64:
supra nihil, quantum in ipso est, praetermittere quo minus, etc.,
id. Leg. 1, 21, 56:
ipsius,
id. ib. 2, 22, 55:
nihil umquam audivi... nihil de re publica gravius, nihil de ipso modestius, i. e. de ipso dicente,
id. Balb. 1, 2: id quod ipsum adjuvat (i. e. dicentem;
opp. id quod adversario prodest),
id. Inv. 1, 21, 30.—
c.
In gen., for an emphatic se or sibi (mostly post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40):
nam ipsis certum esse, etc.,
Liv. 35, 46, 13:
pravitas consulum discordiaque inter ipsos,
id. 4, 26, 6:
inexperta remedia haud injuria ipsis esse suspecta,
Curt. 3, 5, 15:
Graecis nuntiare jubet, ipsum quidem gratias agere, etc.,
id. 3, 8, 7:
dixit, ab illo deo ipsos genus ducere,
id. 4, 2, 3:
a quibus nec acceperunt injuriam nec accepisse ipsos existimant, Sen. de Ira, 2, 5, 1: intemperantiam in morbo suam experti parere ipsis vetant,
id. ib. 3, 13, 5:
sciunt ipsos omnia habere communia,
id. Ep. 6, 3; 22, 10 et saep.; cf.:
verum est etiam iis, qui aliquando futuri sint, esse propter ipsos consulendum,
Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64.—
4.
Ipse stands in free constr. with abl. absol. as with finite verb (cf. also quisque;
only freq. in Liv. and post-Aug. writers): cum dies venit, causa ipse pro se dicta, quindecim milibus aeris damnatur,
Liv. 4, 44, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:
Romani imperatores, junctis et ipsi exercitibus... ad sedem hostium pervenere,
id. 29, 2, 2:
C. Popilius, dimissis et ipse Atticis navibus... pergit,
id. 45, 10, 2; cf.:
Catilina et Autronius parabant consules interficere, ipsi fascibus conreptis Pisonem cum exercitu mittere,
Sall. C. 18, 5:
amisso et ipse Pacoro,
Tac. G. 37; cf. also the emphatic use of ipse (like quisque) with abl. of gerund (freq. in Liv.):
adsentando indignandoque et ipse,
Liv. 40, 23, 1:
cogendo ipse,
id. 39, 49, 3:
agendo ipse,
id. 41, 24, 2:
aestimando ipse secum,
id. 25, 23, 11 et saep.
► Ipse is very rarely strengthened by the suffix -met:
ipsemet abiit,
Plaut.
Am. prol. 102:
ipsimet nobis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3:
ipsemet profugiam,
Sen. Ep. 117, 21; also Front. Aq. 74 ex conj.— Sup.: Com. Ergo ipsusne es? Charm. Ipsissumus, his own very self, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 146; cf. Gr. autotatos, Aristoph. Plut. 83; so,
ipsimus and ipsima, for dominus and domina (cf II. A. supra),
Petr. 75, 11; and:
ipsimi nostri,
id. 63, 3 Büch. ex conj.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ipse
13 ipsus

ipse ( ipsus, Cato, R. R. 70; 71; Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 43; id. Trin. 2, 2, 40; 3, 1, 10 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 15; id. Eun. 3, 4, 8, id. Hec. 3, 5, 5; Jusjur. Milit. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4 al.), a, um (ipsud, Gloss. Philox.); gen. ipsīus ( poet. also ipsĭus, Cat. 64, 43; Verg. A. 1, 114; 2, 772 al.; and dissyl. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 15; id. Phorm. 4, 5, 13: ipsi, Afran. ap. Prisc. 694); dat. ipsi (ipso, App. M. 10, p. 243, 24); pron. demonstr. [is - pse for pte; cf. sua-pte and -pote in ut-pote; root in potis; Sanscr. patis, lord, master; hence, = he, the master, himself, etc.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 866 sq.; Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 116. Hence, in the original form, the pronoun is was declined, while the suffix was unchanged; thus eopte = eo ipso, Paul. ex Fest. p. 110:
eapse = ea ipsa,
id. p. 77; nom. sing. eapse, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 4; id. Cist. 1, 2, 17; id. Rud. 2, 3, 80; 2, 5, 21 al.; acc. eumpse, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:
eampse,
Plaut. Aul. 5, 7; id. Cist. 1, 3, 22; id. Men. 5, 2, 22 al.; abl. eopse, Plaut. Curc, 4, 3, 6:
eāpse,
id. Trin. 4, 2, 132; id. Curc. 4, 3, 2; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 197 sq.], = autos, self, in person, he (emphatic), himself, herself, itself, used both substantively and adjectively, to denote that person (thing) of which something is eminently or exclusively predicated.
I.
In gen.
A.
With substt. or pronn.
1.
Expressing eminence or distinction:
ipse ille Gorgias... in illo ipso Platonis libro,
Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 129:
ille ipse Marcellus,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:
natura ipsa,
id. Brut. 29, 112:
dicet pro me ipsa virtus,
id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:
ipsa res publica,
id. Fam. 3, 11, 3:
neque enim ipse Caesar est alienus a nobis,
id. ib. 6, 10, 2:
ipse Moeris,
Verg. E. 8, 96:
rex ipse Aeneas,
id. A. 1, 575:
ipse aries,
id. E. 3, 95:
ductores ipsi,
id. A. 1, 189:
si in ipsa arce habitarem,
Liv. 2, 7, 10;
esp. freq. with names of gods, etc.: naturas quas Juppiter ipse Addidit,
Verg. G. 4, 149; id. A. 3, 222; Hor. C. 1, 16, 12:
Pater ipse,
Verg. G. 1, 121; Tib. 1, 4, 23:
Venus ipsa,
Hor. C. 2, 8, 13; Ov. H. 19, 159:
ipse pater Pluton,
Verg. A. 7, 327 et saep.—Prov.:
audentes deus ipse juvat,
Ov. M. 10, 586.—
2.
For emphasis or in contrast, very, just, precisely, self, in person:
adest optime ipse frater,
Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66:
in orationibus hisce ipsis,
Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 73:
ea ipsa hora,
id. Fam. 7, 23, 4:
nec carmina nobis Ipsa placent: ipsae rursus concedite silvae,
Verg. E. 10, 63:
tute ipse his rebus finem praescripsti,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 124:
lepide ipsi hi sunt capti,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 91:
ego enim ipse cum eodem isto non invitus erraverim,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:
ipse ille divinationis auctor,
id. Div. 2, 28, 61:
cariorem esse patriam quam nosmet ipsos,
id. Fin. 3, 19, 64:
eaque ipsa causa belli fuit,
the very, the true cause, Liv. 1, 57, 1; esp. with is, in all persons and numbers:
estne hic Philto? Is hercle'st ipsus,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 31:
cui tutor is fuerat ipse,
Liv. 5, 33, 3:
jam id ipsum absurdum, maximum malum neglegi,
even, Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93 (Madv.); id. de Or. 2, 30, 132:
tempus ad id ipsum congruere,
Liv. 1, 5, 5:
duum vir ad id ipsum creatus,
id. 2, 42, 5:
Tullius et eos ipsos et per eos multitudinem aliam deduxit,
id. 2, 38, 1:
eorum ipsorum facta (opp. loca in quibus, etc.),
Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2:
nec vero clarorum virorum post mortem honores permanerent, si nihil eorum ipsorum animi efficerent,
id. de Sen. 22, 80:
ad eum ipsum honorem deferre,
Liv. 3, 51, 3; so sometimes with an inf. or subst.-clause:
ipsum dicere ineptum,
Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112:
quid juvat quod ante initum tribunatum veni, si ipsum, quod veni, nihil juvat?
the mere fact, the fact alone, id. Att. 11, 9, 1:
ipsum, quod habuisti,
Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 12, 2:
et ipsum, quod sum victus, ama,
Luc. 8, 78.— Esp. in legal phrase: ipso jure, by the letter of the law, in legal strictness or precision, Gai Inst. 2, 198; 3, 181; 4, 106 sqq. et saep.—
B.
Alone, emphatically taking the place of an omitted person. or demonstr. pron.: Ar. Ubi is nunc est? He. Ubi ego minume atque ipsus se volt maxume, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 1, 10: Su. Is ipsusne's? Ch. Aio: Su. Ipsus es? id. Trin. 4, 2, 146:
atque ipsis, ad quorum commodum pertinebat, durior inventus est Coelius,
Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:
quaeram ex ipsā,
Cic. Cael. 14:
tempus, quo ipse eos sustulisset, ad id ipsum congruere,
Liv. 1, 5, 5:
agrum dare immunem ipsi, qui accepisset, liberisque,
id. 21, 45, 5; 9, 34, 18; 10, [p. 999] 6, 10:
laeta et ipsis qui rem gessere expugnatio fuit,
id. 28, 4, 1:
a nobis exposita, ut ab ipsis, qui eam disciplinam probant,
Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 13.—So freq. in Cic. before a rel.:
ut de ipso, qui judicarit, judicium fieri videretur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 44, 82:
ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, ad nos deferunt,
id. de Or. 1, 58, 250; 2, 14, 60; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:
nullis definitionibus utuntur, ipsique dicunt ea se modo probare, quibus natura tacita assentiatur,
Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40 Madv. —
C.
To make prominent one of two or more subjects of any predicate, he ( she, il), for his part, he too, also, as well.
1.
Ipse alone:
litterae Metello Capuam adlatae sunt a Clodia, quae ipsa transiit,
i. e. also, in person, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3:
Italiam ornare quam domum suam maluit: quamquam Italia ornata domus ipsa mihi videtur ornatior,
id. Off. 2, 22, 76:
tris ipse excitavit recitatores,
he too, id. Clu. 51, 141:
neque tanti timoris sum ut ipse deficiam,
Caes. B. C. 2, 31, 8:
Jugurtha, tametsi regem ficta locutum intellegebat, et ipse longe aliter animo agitabat,
Sall. J. 11, 1:
hoc Rhipeus, hoc ipse Dymas omnisque juventus Laeta facit,
Verg. A. 2, 394.—
2.
With conjunctions.
(α).
With etiam (class.):
ipse etiam Fufidius in numero fuit,
Cic. Brut. 29, 112: scribebat orationes quas alii dicerent: quamquam is etiam ipse scripsit eas, quibus pro se est usus, sed non sine Aelio;
his enim scriptis etiam ipse interfui,
id. ib. 56, 206 sq. —
(β).
With quoque:
quippe quia plebs senatus consultum solvit, ipsi quoque solutum vultis,
Liv. 3, 21, 4:
consul, quia collegae decretum triumphum audivit, ipse quoque triumphi flagitator Romam rediit,
id. 8, 12, 9:
cum subito Sulpicius et Albinovanus objecissent catervas, ipse quoque (Sulla) jaculatus, etc.,
Flor. 3, 21, 7.—
(γ).
With et (et ipse = kai autos, ipse etiam; rare in Cic.; cf.
Zumpt, Gram. § 698): tamen et ipsi tuae familiae genere et nomine continebuntur,
Cic. Caecin. 20, 58:
deseret eos quos una scis esse, cum habeat praesertim et ipse cohortis triginta?
id. Att. 8, 7, 1; id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:
Cornelius dictatorem Aemilium dixit, et ipse ab eo magister equitum est dictus,
Liv. 4, 31, 5:
credo ego vos, socii, et ipsos cernere,
id. 21, 21, 3:
Cornelio minus copiarum datum, quia L. Manlius praetor et ipse cum praesidio in Galliam mittebatur,
id. 21, 17, 7:
qui et ipse crus fregerat,
Suet. Aug. 43:
Antoninus Commodus nihil paternum habuit, nisi quod contra Germanos feliciter et ipse pugnavit,
Eutr. 8, 7:
virtutes et ipsae taedium pariunt,
Quint. 9, 4, 43. —
(δ).
With nec ( = ne ipse quidem):
primis repulsis Maharbal cum majore robore virorum missus nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit,
Liv. 23, 18, 4:
nihil moveri viderunt, nec ipsi quicquam mutarunt,
id. 37, 20, 8:
neque ipsi,
id. 30, 42, 7: crimina non quidem nec ipsa mediocria;
sed quid ista sunt prae iis, etc.,
id. 34, 32, 9.
II.
Esp.
A.
By way of eminence, ipse is used to indicate the chief person, host, master, teacher, etc.:
ipsa, the mistress, etc.: ipsus tristis,
Ter. And. 2, 2, 23:
ipsum praesto video,
id. ib. 2, 5, 3:
ego eo quo me ipsa misit,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 2, 10:
suam norat ipsam tam bene, quam puella matrem,
Cat. 3, 7 (Müll., ipsa); cf.:
Pythagorei respondere solebant, ipse dixit,
i. e. Pythagoras, Cic. N. D. 1, 5, 10; cf.:
nec hoc oratori contingere inter adversarios quod Pythagorae inter discipulos potest ipse dixit,
Quint. 11, 1, 27:
cum veniat lectica Mathonis plena ipso,
the great man, Juv. 1, 33:
anseris ante ipsum jecur,
before the host, id. 5, 114.—
B.
Of or by one ' s self, of one ' s own accord = suā sponte, ultro:
videar non ipse promisisse (opp. to fortuito),
Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 111:
de manibus delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,
id. Off. 1, 22, 77:
valvae clausae se ipsae aperuerunt,
id. Div. 1, 37, 74:
ipsae lacte domum referent distenta capellae Ubera,
Verg. E. 4, 21:
ipsi potum venient juvenci,
id. ib. 7, 11; cf.:
aliae ipsae Sponte sua veniunt,
id. G. 2, 10:
fruges sponte sua (tellus) primum ipsa creavit,
Lucr. 2, 11, 58; and autai for automatoi, Theocr. Idyll. 11, 12.—
C.
Himself exclusively.
1.
By or in one ' s self, alone:
haec ipse suo tristi cum corde volutat,
Verg. A. 6, 185:
his actis, aliud genitor secum ipse volutat,
id. ib. 12, 843: tempus secum ipsa Exigit, id. ib. 4, 475:
quam facile exercitu soclos conservaturus sit, qui ipso nomine ac rumore defenderit,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 45:
multa secum ipse volvens,
Sall. C. 32, 1:
aestimando ipse secum,
Liv. 25, 23, 11.—
2.
In one ' s self, for one ' s own sake:
ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amare,
Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48.—
3.
Of one ' s self, of one ' s own nature, etc.:
erat ipse immani acerbāque naturā Oppianicus,
Cic. Clu. 15, 44:
duo imperatores, ipsi pares, ceterum opibus disparibus,
Sall. J. 52, 1:
natura serpentium, ipsa perniciosa, siti accenditur,
id. ib. 89, 5.—
D.
With advv. of time.
1.
Nunc ipsum, just now, at this very time:
nunc ipsum exurit,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 16:
nunc ipsum non dubitabo rem tantam adicere,
Cic. Att. 7, 3, 2; 8, 9, 2:
nunc tamen ipsum sine te esse non possum,
id. ib. 12, 16. —
2.
Tum ipsum, just then, at that very time:
id, quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,
Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124:
ratio largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum ad facultates accommodanda est,
id. Off. 2, 17, 60:
et tum ipsum, cum immolare velis, extorum fieri mutatio potest,
id. Div. 1, 52, 118; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv.—
E.
With numerals, just, exactly, precisely (opp. fere):
triginta dies erant ipsi, cum, etc.,
Cic. Att. 3, 21 init.:
ipsas undecim esse legiones,
id. Fam. 6, 18, 2:
nam cum dixisset minus 1000 (sc. milia), populus cum risu acclamavit, ipsa esse,
id. Caecin. 10, 28; cf. id. Brut. 15, 61; 43, 162:
ipso vigesimo anno,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 9, § 25. —
F.
In reflexive uses,
1.
Ipse strengthens the subject when opposed in thought to other agents; the object, when opposed to other objects; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696; Kennedy, Gram. § 67, 3; Madv. Gram. § 487, 6. — Hence,
a.
With subject.
(α).
In gen.:
non egeo medicina (i. e. ut alii me consolentur), me ipse consolor,
Cic. Lael. 3, 10:
Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit,
id. N. D. 2, 3, 7:
neque potest exercitum is continere imperator, qui se ipse non continet,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 38:
Artaxerxes se ipse reprehendit,
Nep. Dat. 5:
ipsa se virtus satis ostendit,
Sall. J. 85; cf.:
deponendo tutelam ipse in se unum omnium vires convertit,
Liv. 24, 4, 9:
deforme etiam est de se ipsum praedicare,
Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137.—
(β).
With special emphasis, ipse is joined to the subject to indicate its relation to itself as both subject and object, though the antithesis would suggest another case (Cic.):
cum iste sic erat humilis atque demissus, ut non modo populo Romano, sed etiam sibi ipse condemnatus videretur,
Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17:
si quis ipse sibi inimicus est,
id. Fin. 5, 10, 28:
qui ipsi sibi bellum indixissent,
id. ib. 5, 10, 29:
quoniam se ipsi omnes natura diligant,
id. ib. 3, 18, 59:
nam si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,
id. de Or. 2, 2, 8.—
b.
With object:
neque vero ipsam amicitiam tueri (possumus), nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus,
Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67:
omne animal se ipsum diligit,
id. ib. 5, 9, 24:
fac ut diligentissime te ipsum custodias,
id. Fam. 9, 14, 8:
Pompeianus miles fratrem suum, dein se ipsum interfecit,
Tac. H. 3, 51:
Lentulum, quem mihi ipsi antepono,
Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 5.—
2.
Ipse defines the subject of a reflexive pronoun:
natura movet infantem, sed tantum ut se ipse diligat (where ipse shows that se refers to infantem),
Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 33: proinde consulant sibi ipsi;
jubeant abire se,
Just. 16, 4, 15:
neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,
Nep. Paus. 4:
in portis murisque sibimet ipsos tecta coëgerat aedificare,
Liv. 27, 3, 2 (cf. 1. a. supra).—
3.
Ipse stands for the reflexive pronoun,
a.
Where the person or thing referred to is to be emphatically distinguished from others (class.):
cum omnes se expetendos putent, nec id ob aliam rem, sed propter ipsos, necesse est ejus etiam partes propter se expeti, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46:
quis umquam consul senatum ipsius decretis parere prohibuit?
id. Sest. 14, 32:
quos, quidquid ipsis expediat, facturos arbitrabimur,
id. Fin. 2, 35, 117:
qui negant se recusare, quo minus, ipsis mortuis, terrarum deflagratio consequatur,
id. ib. 3, 19, 64:
nec quid ipsius natura sit intellegit,
id. ib. 5, 9, 24.—
b.
In a subordinate clause, to point out either the subject of the principal clause, or the chief agent or speaker;
esp. where se or sibi is already applied to the subject of the subordinate clause: ne ob eam rem aut suae magnopere virtuti tribueret aut ipsos despiceret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 5:
legatos ad consulem mittit, qui tantum modo ipsi liberisque vitam peterent,
Sall. J. 16, 2; cf.:
ipsis mortuis,
Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64:
supra nihil, quantum in ipso est, praetermittere quo minus, etc.,
id. Leg. 1, 21, 56:
ipsius,
id. ib. 2, 22, 55:
nihil umquam audivi... nihil de re publica gravius, nihil de ipso modestius, i. e. de ipso dicente,
id. Balb. 1, 2: id quod ipsum adjuvat (i. e. dicentem;
opp. id quod adversario prodest),
id. Inv. 1, 21, 30.—
c.
In gen., for an emphatic se or sibi (mostly post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40):
nam ipsis certum esse, etc.,
Liv. 35, 46, 13:
pravitas consulum discordiaque inter ipsos,
id. 4, 26, 6:
inexperta remedia haud injuria ipsis esse suspecta,
Curt. 3, 5, 15:
Graecis nuntiare jubet, ipsum quidem gratias agere, etc.,
id. 3, 8, 7:
dixit, ab illo deo ipsos genus ducere,
id. 4, 2, 3:
a quibus nec acceperunt injuriam nec accepisse ipsos existimant, Sen. de Ira, 2, 5, 1: intemperantiam in morbo suam experti parere ipsis vetant,
id. ib. 3, 13, 5:
sciunt ipsos omnia habere communia,
id. Ep. 6, 3; 22, 10 et saep.; cf.:
verum est etiam iis, qui aliquando futuri sint, esse propter ipsos consulendum,
Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64.—
4.
Ipse stands in free constr. with abl. absol. as with finite verb (cf. also quisque;
only freq. in Liv. and post-Aug. writers): cum dies venit, causa ipse pro se dicta, quindecim milibus aeris damnatur,
Liv. 4, 44, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:
Romani imperatores, junctis et ipsi exercitibus... ad sedem hostium pervenere,
id. 29, 2, 2:
C. Popilius, dimissis et ipse Atticis navibus... pergit,
id. 45, 10, 2; cf.:
Catilina et Autronius parabant consules interficere, ipsi fascibus conreptis Pisonem cum exercitu mittere,
Sall. C. 18, 5:
amisso et ipse Pacoro,
Tac. G. 37; cf. also the emphatic use of ipse (like quisque) with abl. of gerund (freq. in Liv.):
adsentando indignandoque et ipse,
Liv. 40, 23, 1:
cogendo ipse,
id. 39, 49, 3:
agendo ipse,
id. 41, 24, 2:
aestimando ipse secum,
id. 25, 23, 11 et saep.
► Ipse is very rarely strengthened by the suffix -met:
ipsemet abiit,
Plaut.
Am. prol. 102:
ipsimet nobis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3:
ipsemet profugiam,
Sen. Ep. 117, 21; also Front. Aq. 74 ex conj.— Sup.: Com. Ergo ipsusne es? Charm. Ipsissumus, his own very self, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 146; cf. Gr. autotatos, Aristoph. Plut. 83; so,
ipsimus and ipsima, for dominus and domina (cf II. A. supra),
Petr. 75, 11; and:
ipsimi nostri,
id. 63, 3 Büch. ex conj.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ipsus
14 Phase

Phase, n. indecl., the Passover, a Jewish feast commemorative of the rescue of the first-born among the Jews from the destruction which visited the Egyptians:
est enim Phase (id est transitus) Domini,
Vulg. Exod. 12, 11:
factum est Phase,
id. 4 Reg. 23, 22.—
II.
Transf., the sacrifice offered at the Passover, the paschal lamb:
immolare,
Vulg. 2 Par. 35, 11; id. Deut. 16, 2.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Phase
15 pii

pĭus (written PIIVS, Inscr. Viscont. Monum. Degli Scip. tab. 6, n. 1; cf. Cic. Quint. 1, 4, 11), a, um (voc. pie:
o crucifer bone, lucisator Omnipotens pie,
Prud. Cath. 3, 1.— Comp. only magis pius; cf. Charis. pp. 88 and 130 P.— Sup.:
piissimus, used by Antonius, and condemned by Cicero, as: verbum omnino nullum in linguā Latinā,
Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 43; but freq. in the post-Aug. per., e. g. Sen. Contr. 4, 27 med.; id. Consol. ad Polyb. 26 med.; Tac. Agr. 43; Curt. 9, 6, 17; Flor. 4, 7, 15; Inscr. Orell. 418 et saep. From rare form PIENS, found in inscriptions, Murat. 1624, 4; Mus. Ver. 129, 3 Maff., is derived another form of the sup., PIENTISSIMVS, Inscr. Orell. 200; 203; 3592), adj. [etym. dub.; often referred to tiô, timaô], that acts according to duty, dutiful; esp. that performs what is due to the gods and religion in general, to parrents, kindred, teachers, country; pious, devout, conscientious, affectionate, tender, kind, good, grateful, respectful, loyal, patriotic, etc. (of persons and things):
si quis pius est,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 26:
uxor pia et pudica,
id. Am. 5, 1, 33: Capus... pium ex se Anchisen generat, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):
(deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,
Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 15; id. Rep. 6, 15, 15:
di meliora piis,
Verg. G. 3, 513:
poëta,
Cat. 16, 5: pii vates. Verg. A. 6, 662; cf.:
pio vatis ab ore,
Ov. F. 3, 326.—So as subst. freq. pĭi, of the departed, the blessed:
piorum sedes,
Cic. Phil. 14, 12:
arva piorum,
Ov. M. 11, 62: cf. Bentley on Hor. C. 3, 4, 6.—Of things having reference to religion:
far,
Hor. C. 3, 23, 20:
tura,
Ov. H. 7, 24; 21, 7:
luci,
sacred, holy, Hor. C. 3, 4, 6:
pia et aeterna pax,
a conscientiously kept and eternal peace, Cic. Balb. 16, 35:
Poeni homines immolare pium esse duxerunt,
id. Rep. 3, 9; cf. Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 96:
ore pio,
id. M. 7, 172; so,
quosque pium est adhibere deos,
id. F. 4, 829.— As subst.: pĭum, i, n.:
stabit pro signis jusque piumque tuis,
justice and equity, Ov. A. A. 1, 200; id. H. 8, 4.—Of respectful, affectionate conduct towards parents, etc.:
pius in parentes,
Cic. Off. 3, 23, 90:
pius Aeneas, on account of his filial love for Anchises,
Verg. A. 1, 220; 305; 378; 4, 393; 5, 26 et saep.; cf.:
seniorque parens, pia sarcina nati,
Ov. H. 7, 107; id. M. 7, 482:
pius dolor,
Cic. Sest. 2: impietate pia est, she is affectionate (towards her brothers) through want of affection (for her son), her sisterly triumphed over her maternal love, Ov. M. 8, 477:
quo pius affectu Castora frater amat,
id. Tr. 4, 5, 30:
metus,
of a wife for her husband, id. M. 11, 389: bellum, waged for one's country or allies, Liv. 30, 31; 39, 36; Sil. 15, 162.—
II.
Transf., in gen.
A.
Honest, upright, honorable (very rare): pius quaestus, Cato, R. R. praef.—
B.
Benevolent, kind, gentle, gracious (postAug.): clementia patrem tuum in primis Pii nomine ornavit, M. Aurel. ap. Vulcat. Gallic. in Avid. Cass. 11:
pius enim et clemens es, Dominus Deus,
Vulg. 2 Par. 30, 9; id. Ecclus. 2, 13.— Pĭus, a title of the emperors after M. Antoninus, on coins and inscrr.; v. Eckh. D. N. 7, p. 36; 8, p. 453; Inscr. Orell. 840 sq.— Poet., of a wine-jar: testa, my kindly jar, = benigna, Hor. C. 3, 21, 4.—Hence, adv.: pĭē, piously, religiously, dutifully, affectionately:
pie sancteque colere deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56; 1, 17, 45; id. Att. 6, 7, 1:
memoriam nostri pie inviolateque servabitis,
id. Sen. 22, 81:
metuo ne scelerate dicam in te, quod pro Milone dicam pie,
id. Mil. 38, 103:
pie lugere,
id. de Or. 2, 40, 167; Ov. H. 15, 153.— Sup.:
quod utrumque piissime tulit,
Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 34, 4.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pii
16 pium

pĭus (written PIIVS, Inscr. Viscont. Monum. Degli Scip. tab. 6, n. 1; cf. Cic. Quint. 1, 4, 11), a, um (voc. pie:
o crucifer bone, lucisator Omnipotens pie,
Prud. Cath. 3, 1.— Comp. only magis pius; cf. Charis. pp. 88 and 130 P.— Sup.:
piissimus, used by Antonius, and condemned by Cicero, as: verbum omnino nullum in linguā Latinā,
Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 43; but freq. in the post-Aug. per., e. g. Sen. Contr. 4, 27 med.; id. Consol. ad Polyb. 26 med.; Tac. Agr. 43; Curt. 9, 6, 17; Flor. 4, 7, 15; Inscr. Orell. 418 et saep. From rare form PIENS, found in inscriptions, Murat. 1624, 4; Mus. Ver. 129, 3 Maff., is derived another form of the sup., PIENTISSIMVS, Inscr. Orell. 200; 203; 3592), adj. [etym. dub.; often referred to tiô, timaô], that acts according to duty, dutiful; esp. that performs what is due to the gods and religion in general, to parrents, kindred, teachers, country; pious, devout, conscientious, affectionate, tender, kind, good, grateful, respectful, loyal, patriotic, etc. (of persons and things):
si quis pius est,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 26:
uxor pia et pudica,
id. Am. 5, 1, 33: Capus... pium ex se Anchisen generat, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):
(deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,
Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 15; id. Rep. 6, 15, 15:
di meliora piis,
Verg. G. 3, 513:
poëta,
Cat. 16, 5: pii vates. Verg. A. 6, 662; cf.:
pio vatis ab ore,
Ov. F. 3, 326.—So as subst. freq. pĭi, of the departed, the blessed:
piorum sedes,
Cic. Phil. 14, 12:
arva piorum,
Ov. M. 11, 62: cf. Bentley on Hor. C. 3, 4, 6.—Of things having reference to religion:
far,
Hor. C. 3, 23, 20:
tura,
Ov. H. 7, 24; 21, 7:
luci,
sacred, holy, Hor. C. 3, 4, 6:
pia et aeterna pax,
a conscientiously kept and eternal peace, Cic. Balb. 16, 35:
Poeni homines immolare pium esse duxerunt,
id. Rep. 3, 9; cf. Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 96:
ore pio,
id. M. 7, 172; so,
quosque pium est adhibere deos,
id. F. 4, 829.— As subst.: pĭum, i, n.:
stabit pro signis jusque piumque tuis,
justice and equity, Ov. A. A. 1, 200; id. H. 8, 4.—Of respectful, affectionate conduct towards parents, etc.:
pius in parentes,
Cic. Off. 3, 23, 90:
pius Aeneas, on account of his filial love for Anchises,
Verg. A. 1, 220; 305; 378; 4, 393; 5, 26 et saep.; cf.:
seniorque parens, pia sarcina nati,
Ov. H. 7, 107; id. M. 7, 482:
pius dolor,
Cic. Sest. 2: impietate pia est, she is affectionate (towards her brothers) through want of affection (for her son), her sisterly triumphed over her maternal love, Ov. M. 8, 477:
quo pius affectu Castora frater amat,
id. Tr. 4, 5, 30:
metus,
of a wife for her husband, id. M. 11, 389: bellum, waged for one's country or allies, Liv. 30, 31; 39, 36; Sil. 15, 162.—
II.
Transf., in gen.
A.
Honest, upright, honorable (very rare): pius quaestus, Cato, R. R. praef.—
B.
Benevolent, kind, gentle, gracious (postAug.): clementia patrem tuum in primis Pii nomine ornavit, M. Aurel. ap. Vulcat. Gallic. in Avid. Cass. 11:
pius enim et clemens es, Dominus Deus,
Vulg. 2 Par. 30, 9; id. Ecclus. 2, 13.— Pĭus, a title of the emperors after M. Antoninus, on coins and inscrr.; v. Eckh. D. N. 7, p. 36; 8, p. 453; Inscr. Orell. 840 sq.— Poet., of a wine-jar: testa, my kindly jar, = benigna, Hor. C. 3, 21, 4.—Hence, adv.: pĭē, piously, religiously, dutifully, affectionately:
pie sancteque colere deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56; 1, 17, 45; id. Att. 6, 7, 1:
memoriam nostri pie inviolateque servabitis,
id. Sen. 22, 81:
metuo ne scelerate dicam in te, quod pro Milone dicam pie,
id. Mil. 38, 103:
pie lugere,
id. de Or. 2, 40, 167; Ov. H. 15, 153.— Sup.:
quod utrumque piissime tulit,
Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 34, 4.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pium
17 Pius

pĭus (written PIIVS, Inscr. Viscont. Monum. Degli Scip. tab. 6, n. 1; cf. Cic. Quint. 1, 4, 11), a, um (voc. pie:
o crucifer bone, lucisator Omnipotens pie,
Prud. Cath. 3, 1.— Comp. only magis pius; cf. Charis. pp. 88 and 130 P.— Sup.:
piissimus, used by Antonius, and condemned by Cicero, as: verbum omnino nullum in linguā Latinā,
Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 43; but freq. in the post-Aug. per., e. g. Sen. Contr. 4, 27 med.; id. Consol. ad Polyb. 26 med.; Tac. Agr. 43; Curt. 9, 6, 17; Flor. 4, 7, 15; Inscr. Orell. 418 et saep. From rare form PIENS, found in inscriptions, Murat. 1624, 4; Mus. Ver. 129, 3 Maff., is derived another form of the sup., PIENTISSIMVS, Inscr. Orell. 200; 203; 3592), adj. [etym. dub.; often referred to tiô, timaô], that acts according to duty, dutiful; esp. that performs what is due to the gods and religion in general, to parrents, kindred, teachers, country; pious, devout, conscientious, affectionate, tender, kind, good, grateful, respectful, loyal, patriotic, etc. (of persons and things):
si quis pius est,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 26:
uxor pia et pudica,
id. Am. 5, 1, 33: Capus... pium ex se Anchisen generat, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):
(deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,
Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 15; id. Rep. 6, 15, 15:
di meliora piis,
Verg. G. 3, 513:
poëta,
Cat. 16, 5: pii vates. Verg. A. 6, 662; cf.:
pio vatis ab ore,
Ov. F. 3, 326.—So as subst. freq. pĭi, of the departed, the blessed:
piorum sedes,
Cic. Phil. 14, 12:
arva piorum,
Ov. M. 11, 62: cf. Bentley on Hor. C. 3, 4, 6.—Of things having reference to religion:
far,
Hor. C. 3, 23, 20:
tura,
Ov. H. 7, 24; 21, 7:
luci,
sacred, holy, Hor. C. 3, 4, 6:
pia et aeterna pax,
a conscientiously kept and eternal peace, Cic. Balb. 16, 35:
Poeni homines immolare pium esse duxerunt,
id. Rep. 3, 9; cf. Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 96:
ore pio,
id. M. 7, 172; so,
quosque pium est adhibere deos,
id. F. 4, 829.— As subst.: pĭum, i, n.:
stabit pro signis jusque piumque tuis,
justice and equity, Ov. A. A. 1, 200; id. H. 8, 4.—Of respectful, affectionate conduct towards parents, etc.:
pius in parentes,
Cic. Off. 3, 23, 90:
pius Aeneas, on account of his filial love for Anchises,
Verg. A. 1, 220; 305; 378; 4, 393; 5, 26 et saep.; cf.:
seniorque parens, pia sarcina nati,
Ov. H. 7, 107; id. M. 7, 482:
pius dolor,
Cic. Sest. 2: impietate pia est, she is affectionate (towards her brothers) through want of affection (for her son), her sisterly triumphed over her maternal love, Ov. M. 8, 477:
quo pius affectu Castora frater amat,
id. Tr. 4, 5, 30:
metus,
of a wife for her husband, id. M. 11, 389: bellum, waged for one's country or allies, Liv. 30, 31; 39, 36; Sil. 15, 162.—
II.
Transf., in gen.
A.
Honest, upright, honorable (very rare): pius quaestus, Cato, R. R. praef.—
B.
Benevolent, kind, gentle, gracious (postAug.): clementia patrem tuum in primis Pii nomine ornavit, M. Aurel. ap. Vulcat. Gallic. in Avid. Cass. 11:
pius enim et clemens es, Dominus Deus,
Vulg. 2 Par. 30, 9; id. Ecclus. 2, 13.— Pĭus, a title of the emperors after M. Antoninus, on coins and inscrr.; v. Eckh. D. N. 7, p. 36; 8, p. 453; Inscr. Orell. 840 sq.— Poet., of a wine-jar: testa, my kindly jar, = benigna, Hor. C. 3, 21, 4.—Hence, adv.: pĭē, piously, religiously, dutifully, affectionately:
pie sancteque colere deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56; 1, 17, 45; id. Att. 6, 7, 1:
memoriam nostri pie inviolateque servabitis,
id. Sen. 22, 81:
metuo ne scelerate dicam in te, quod pro Milone dicam pie,
id. Mil. 38, 103:
pie lugere,
id. de Or. 2, 40, 167; Ov. H. 15, 153.— Sup.:
quod utrumque piissime tulit,
Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 34, 4.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Pius
18 pius

pĭus (written PIIVS, Inscr. Viscont. Monum. Degli Scip. tab. 6, n. 1; cf. Cic. Quint. 1, 4, 11), a, um (voc. pie:
o crucifer bone, lucisator Omnipotens pie,
Prud. Cath. 3, 1.— Comp. only magis pius; cf. Charis. pp. 88 and 130 P.— Sup.:
piissimus, used by Antonius, and condemned by Cicero, as: verbum omnino nullum in linguā Latinā,
Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 43; but freq. in the post-Aug. per., e. g. Sen. Contr. 4, 27 med.; id. Consol. ad Polyb. 26 med.; Tac. Agr. 43; Curt. 9, 6, 17; Flor. 4, 7, 15; Inscr. Orell. 418 et saep. From rare form PIENS, found in inscriptions, Murat. 1624, 4; Mus. Ver. 129, 3 Maff., is derived another form of the sup., PIENTISSIMVS, Inscr. Orell. 200; 203; 3592), adj. [etym. dub.; often referred to tiô, timaô], that acts according to duty, dutiful; esp. that performs what is due to the gods and religion in general, to parrents, kindred, teachers, country; pious, devout, conscientious, affectionate, tender, kind, good, grateful, respectful, loyal, patriotic, etc. (of persons and things):
si quis pius est,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 26:
uxor pia et pudica,
id. Am. 5, 1, 33: Capus... pium ex se Anchisen generat, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):
(deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,
Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 15; id. Rep. 6, 15, 15:
di meliora piis,
Verg. G. 3, 513:
poëta,
Cat. 16, 5: pii vates. Verg. A. 6, 662; cf.:
pio vatis ab ore,
Ov. F. 3, 326.—So as subst. freq. pĭi, of the departed, the blessed:
piorum sedes,
Cic. Phil. 14, 12:
arva piorum,
Ov. M. 11, 62: cf. Bentley on Hor. C. 3, 4, 6.—Of things having reference to religion:
far,
Hor. C. 3, 23, 20:
tura,
Ov. H. 7, 24; 21, 7:
luci,
sacred, holy, Hor. C. 3, 4, 6:
pia et aeterna pax,
a conscientiously kept and eternal peace, Cic. Balb. 16, 35:
Poeni homines immolare pium esse duxerunt,
id. Rep. 3, 9; cf. Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 96:
ore pio,
id. M. 7, 172; so,
quosque pium est adhibere deos,
id. F. 4, 829.— As subst.: pĭum, i, n.:
stabit pro signis jusque piumque tuis,
justice and equity, Ov. A. A. 1, 200; id. H. 8, 4.—Of respectful, affectionate conduct towards parents, etc.:
pius in parentes,
Cic. Off. 3, 23, 90:
pius Aeneas, on account of his filial love for Anchises,
Verg. A. 1, 220; 305; 378; 4, 393; 5, 26 et saep.; cf.:
seniorque parens, pia sarcina nati,
Ov. H. 7, 107; id. M. 7, 482:
pius dolor,
Cic. Sest. 2: impietate pia est, she is affectionate (towards her brothers) through want of affection (for her son), her sisterly triumphed over her maternal love, Ov. M. 8, 477:
quo pius affectu Castora frater amat,
id. Tr. 4, 5, 30:
metus,
of a wife for her husband, id. M. 11, 389: bellum, waged for one's country or allies, Liv. 30, 31; 39, 36; Sil. 15, 162.—
II.
Transf., in gen.
A.
Honest, upright, honorable (very rare): pius quaestus, Cato, R. R. praef.—
B.
Benevolent, kind, gentle, gracious (postAug.): clementia patrem tuum in primis Pii nomine ornavit, M. Aurel. ap. Vulcat. Gallic. in Avid. Cass. 11:
pius enim et clemens es, Dominus Deus,
Vulg. 2 Par. 30, 9; id. Ecclus. 2, 13.— Pĭus, a title of the emperors after M. Antoninus, on coins and inscrr.; v. Eckh. D. N. 7, p. 36; 8, p. 453; Inscr. Orell. 840 sq.— Poet., of a wine-jar: testa, my kindly jar, = benigna, Hor. C. 3, 21, 4.—Hence, adv.: pĭē, piously, religiously, dutifully, affectionately:
pie sancteque colere deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56; 1, 17, 45; id. Att. 6, 7, 1:
memoriam nostri pie inviolateque servabitis,
id. Sen. 22, 81:
metuo ne scelerate dicam in te, quod pro Milone dicam pie,
id. Mil. 38, 103:
pie lugere,
id. de Or. 2, 40, 167; Ov. H. 15, 153.— Sup.:
quod utrumque piissime tulit,
Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 34, 4.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pius
19 posco

posco, pŏposci, 3 (old perf. peposci, Val. Antias ap. Gell. 7, 9, 9), v. inch. a. [for porc-scere; Sanscr. root parkh- prakh-, to ask; cf.: precor, procus, procax], to ask for urgently; to beg, demand, request, desire (syn.: flagito, postulo, peto).
I.
In gen., constr. usually with aliquid, aliquem ( sibi): aliquid ab aliquo; also with a double acc., with ut, with inf., or with acc. and inf., or wholly absol.:
poscere est secundum Varronem, quotiens aliquid pro merito nostro deposcimus: petere vero est cum aliquid humiliter et cum precibus postulamus,
Serv. Verg. A. 9, 194.
(α).
With acc.:
posco atque adeo flagito crimen,
Cic. Planc. 19, 48; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 71:
argentum,
id. ib. 2, 4, 20, § 44;
2, 3, 34, § 78: pugnam,
Liv. 2, 45, 6: nec mi aurum posco, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 200 Vahl.):
si quid poscam,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:
pulvinos,
Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 29; id. Planc. 19, 48:
vades poposcit,
id. Rep. 2, 36, 61; cf.:
audaciae partes Roscii sibi poposcerunt,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 13, 35:
peccatis veniam poscentem (preceded by postulare),
Hor. S. 1, 3, 75.—
(β).
With ab:
fac, ut audeat Tibi credere omnia, abs te petere et poscere,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 53: diem a praetore peposcit, Val. Antias ap. Gell. 7, 9, 9:
abs te litteras,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36; 2, 2, 47, § 117:
tutorem ab aliquo,
Suet. Aug. 94:
bibere a me poscis,
Vulg. Joann. 4, 9.—
(γ).
With a double acc.:
parentes pretium pro sepulturā liberum poscere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 7:
magistratum nummos,
id. ib. 2, 1, 17, §
44: aliquem causam disserendi,
id. Tusc. 3, 3, 7:
claves portarum magistratus,
Liv. 27, 24, 8:
non ita creditum Poscis Quintilium deos,
Hor. C. 1, 24, 12:
cur me in decursu lampada poscis?
Pers. 6, 61:
poscenti vos rationem,
Vulg. 1 Pet. 3, 15.—Hence, pass.: poscor aliquid, I am asked for something, something is asked or demanded of me ( poet. and in post-class. prose):
gravidae posceris exta bovis,
they ask you for the entrails, Ov. F. 4, 670; cf.:
poscor meum Laelapa,
they demand of me my Lœlaps, id. M. 7, 771:
nec tantum segetes alimentaque debita dives Poscebatur humus,
id. ib. 1, 138:
quod rationem pecuniae posceretur,
Gell. 4, 18, 12; to be called upon or invoked to inspire a poet or to sing:
aversus Apollo Poscitur invitā verba pigenda lyrā,
Prop. 4 (5), 1, 76 (better reading poscis ab); cf. absol. Palilia poscor: Non poscor frustra;
si favet alma Pales,
Ov. F. 4, 721; so,
poscimur Aonides,
Ov. M. 5, 333:
poscimur,
Hor. C. 1, 32, 1.—
(δ).
With ut:
poscimus, ut cenes civiliter,
Juv. 5, 112:
poscimus ut sit, etc.,
id. 7, 71; Tac. H. 2, 39: poposcit, ut haec ipsa quaestio diligentius tractaretur, Aug. Civ. Dei, 2, 21.—
(ε).
With inf. or acc. and inf. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
poscat sibi fabula credit,
Hor. A. P. 339; cf.:
immolare Fauno, Seu poscat agnā sive malit haedo,
id. C. 1, 4, 12:
esse sacerdotes delubraque vestra tueri Poscimus,
Ov. M. 8, 708:
contraque occurrere poscunt,
Val. Fl. 4, 194; Pers. 1, 128; Claud. in Eutr. 1, 151.—In prose:
ego vero te etiam morari posco inter voluptates,
Sen. Contr. 1, 8; Arn. 7, p. 254. So, too, perh. (acc. to Stephanus's conjecture):
vos fallere poscunt,
Rutil. Lup. Fig. 2, 19, p. 181 Frotsch.—
(ζ).
Ellipt.:
poscunt majoribus poculis, sc. bibere,
they challenge to drink from larger goblets, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66.—
(η).
Absol., to beg, be a beggar:
improbus es, cum poscis, ait. Sed pensio clamat, posce,
Juv. 9, 63 sq. —
B.
Of inanimate and abstract subjects, to demand, require, need:
quod res poscere videbatur,
Caes. B. G. 7, 1:
cum usus poscit,
id. ib. 4, 2: quod negotium poscebat, Sail J. 56, 1; 70, 3; Quint. 11, 3, 162 et saep.—
II.
In partic.
A.
To demand for punishment, to ask the surrender of: accusant [p. 1403] ii, quos populus poscit, Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13; cf.:
hujus tantae cladis auctor Annibal poscitur,
Flor. 2, 6, 7:
nec poscitur auctor,
Sil. 2, 44:
poscendum poenae juvenem jubebat,
id. 1, 677; so Liv. 9, 26.—
B.
In gen., to call one (ante-class. and poet.):
clamore hominem posco,
Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 5:
gemitu Alciden,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 1887.— Pass.: ego poscor Olympo ( dat. of agent), Olympus calls me, summons me to the combat, Verg. A. 8, 533:
poscimur,
Ov. M. 2, 144.—
2.
In partic., to call upon, invoke:
supplex tua numina posco,
Verg. A. 1, 666.—
C.
In selling.
1.
To ask, demand for a thing, to offer at a price:
tanti quanti poscit, vin' tanti illam emi?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 22: pro reliquis (libris) idem pretium poposcit, Varr. ap. Lact. 1, 6, 10.—
2.
To ask, bid, offer a price for a thing:
agite licemini. Qui cenā poscit? ecqui poscit prandio?
Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 68; id. Merc. 2, 3, 101; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 88.—
D.
To demand one's hand, ask in marriage:
eam si jubes, frater, tibi me poscere, poscam,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 38:
filiam tuam mihi uxorem posco,
id. ib. 2, 2, 42:
tibi permittam, posce, duce,
id. Trin. 2, 2, 103:
sine dote posco tuam sororem filio,
id. ib. 2, 4, 98:
tuam sororem uxorem alicui,
id. ib. 2, 4, 49.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > posco
20 tum

tum, adv. demonstr., of time [pronom. demonstr. stems to-, ta-; Gr. to, seen in ita, tam, etc.; cf. quom or cum], then.
I.
Absol.
A.
Referring to a time previously specified.
1.
To a definite past time.
(α).
To a period of time in which something was or happened (opp. later periods) = illis temporibus:
is dictu'st ollis popularibus olim Qui tum vivebant homines,
Enn. Ann. v. 308 Vahl.:
quod tum erat res in pecore et locorum possessionibus, i. e. Romuli temporibus,
Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 16:
cum illi male dicerent, quod tum fieri licebat, i. e. Periclis temporibus,
id. de Or. 3, 34, 138:
erat omnino tum mos ut faciles essent in suum cuique tribuendo,
id. Brut. 21, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111:
vastae tum in his locis solitudines erant,
Liv. 1, 4, 6; 2, 6, 8; 3, 29, 3; 4, 6, 12; 42, 62, 11;
44, 9, 4: ut tum erant tempora,
Nep. Att. 1, 2; 12, 3; Liv. 1, 3, 3; 1, 8, 4; 2, 7, 4; 2, 9, 8; 2, 50, 2; 2, 63, 6;
39, 6, 7 and 9.—With illis temporibus: nam jam tum illis temporibus fortius... loquebantur quam pugnabant,
Nep. Thras. 2, 4.—
(β).
Referring to a point of time, then, at that time:
insigneita fere tum milia militum octo Duxit,
Enn. Ann. v. 336 Vahl.: ut jacui exsurgo;
ardere censui aedis: ita tum confulgebant,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 15:
jam duo restabant fata tum,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 35; id. Cist. 1, 3, 14: quot eras annos gnatus tum, quom, etc.? Me Septuennis, nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum, id. Men. 5, 9, 56; id. Merc. prol. 66; id. Most. 1, 2, 49; id. Am. 2, 1, 56; Ter. And. 1, 1, 82: sic igitur tum se levis ac diffusilis aether... undique flexit. Lucr. 5, 467; 5, 837; 5, 911; 5, 432;
5, 942: atque huic anno proximus Sulla consule et Pompejo fuit. Tum P. Sulpicii in tribunatu, cottidie contionantis, totum genus dicendi cognovimus,
Cic. Brut. 89, 306; id. Ac. 2, 22, 69:
scribit Eudemum Pheras venisse, quae erat urbs in Thessalia tum admodum nobilis,
id. Div. 1, 25, 53; id. Rep. 2, 37, 63:
hi tum in Asia rhetorum principes,
id. Brut. 91, 316; id. Sest. 11, 26; id. Planc. 37, 90; id. Quint. 61, 170; id. Fam. 9, 21, 2:
hoc tum veritus Caesar Pharum prehendit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 112:
eodem anno a Campanis Cumae, quam Graeci tum urbem tenebant, capiuntur,
Liv. 4, 44, 13; 1, 7, 14; 2, 9, 5;
2, 37, 7: praetores tum duos Latium habebat,
id. 8, 3, 9:
Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant, dictatorem dixit,
id. 8, 12, 13; 5, 8, 4; 22, 46, 6;
1, 7, 12: tum Athenis perpetui archontes esse desierunt,
Vell. 1, 8, 3:
tum Cimbri et Teutoni transcendere Rhenum,
id. 2, 8, 3; Val. Max. 1, 5, 3; Tac. H. 4, 49; 3, 57:
non timido, non ignavo cessare tum licuit,
Curt. 3, 11, 5:
Archiae, qui tum maximum magistratum Thebis obtinebat,
Nep. Pelop. 3, 2; id. Phoc. 3, 3.—With in eo tempore: eum quem virile secus tum in eo tempore habebat, Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 5.—Repeated by anaphora:
quae nox omnium temporum conjurationis acerrima fuit. Tum Catilinae dies exeundi, tum ceteris manendi condicio, tum descriptio... constituta est, tum tuus pater, etc.,
Cic. Sull. 18, 52; cf. Lucr. 5, 1377; 5, 1399.—
(γ).
Esp., referring to a former state, implying that it no longer exists:
quaesivit ex lege illa Cornelia quae tum erat,
Cic. Clu. 20, 55:
cum sententias Oppianicus, quae tum erat potestas, palam ferri velle dixisset,
id. ib. 27, 75:
Caere, opulento tum oppido,
Liv. 1, 2, 3; 3, 52, 3:
praetores aerarii (nam tum a praetoribus tractabatur aerarium), etc.,
Tac. H. 4, 9.—
(δ).
Expressly opposed to present time (hodie, nunc, hoc tempore, etc.; class. and very freq.; but in post-Aug. writers tunc is regularly used): prius non is eras qui eras;
nunc is factu's qui tum non eras,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 138:
tu nunc tibi Id laudi ducis quod tum fecisti inopia?
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 25; id. Hec. 3, 3, 48:
quae tabula, tum imperio tuo revulsa, nunc a me tamen reportata est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112:
tum imperator populi Romani deos patrios reportabat, nunc praetor ejusdem populi eosdem illos deos... auferebat,
id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; 2, 5, 20, § 51; id. Clu. 31, 86; id. Planc. 9, 22; id. Quint. 22, 71; id. Phil. 14, 8, 21; id. Leg. 2, 22, 57; Caes. B. C. 3, 17; Liv. 5, 3, 5; 6, 15, 11; 10, 9, 6.—
(ε).
Opposed to another time specified:
itaque tum eos exire jussit. Post autem e provincia litteras ad conlegium misit, se, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:
itaque ut tum carere rege, sic pulso Tarquinio nomen regis audire non poterat,
id. Rep. 2, 30, 53; id. Mil. 21, 55:
sicut legatorum antea, ita tum novorum colonorum caede imbutis armis,
Liv. 4, 31, 7; 39, 22, 10; 9, 36, 1; 2, 52, 7; 4, 2, 10; 4, 57, 11;
21, 17, 1: et tum sicca, prius celeberrima fontibus, Ide,
Ov. M. 2, 218; Verg. A. 11, 33; Nep. Arist. 2, 3; id. Ham. 11, 7.—
(ζ).
In the historians in applying general statements or truths to the state of affairs spoken of: communi enim fit vitio naturae ut invisis atque incognitis rebus... vehementius exterreamur;
ut tum accidit,
Caes. B. C. 2, 4; 3, 68; id. B. G. 7, 3; 2, 6; id. B. C. 1, 80:
foedera alia aliis legibus, ceterum eodem modo omnia fiunt. Tum ita factum accepimus,
Liv. 1, 24, 4; 1, 32, 14; 21, 31, 12.—
(η).
Denoting coincidence or inner connection with an action before mentioned = a temporal clause (tum = cum hoc fieret), then, on that occasion:
quis tum non ingemuit?
Cic. Vatin. 13, 31:
ne tum quidem hominum venustatem et facetias perspicere potuisti? i. e. cum coronam auream imponebant,
id. Fl. 31, 76: apud imperitos tum illa dicta sunt;
nunc agendum est subtilius,
id. Fin. 4, 27, 74:
itaque tum Stajenus condemnatus est,
i. e. in that trial, id. Clu. 36, 101; id. Sen. 7, 22:
M. Porcius Cato qui, asper ingenio, tum lenem mitemque senatorem egit,
Liv. 45, 25; Val. Max. 8, 3, 3:
sed tum supplicia dis... decernuntur,
Tac. A. 3, 64; 3, 72:
Graecia tum potuit Priamo quoque flenda videri,
Ov. M. 14, 474.—
With the occasion referred to specified in the same clause: Manlius... ex petulanti scurra in discordiis civitatis ad eam columnam tum suffragiis populi pervenerat,
Cic. Clu. 13, 39:
emisti tum in naufragio hujus urbis... tum, inquam, emisti ut, etc.,
id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7.—Repeated by anaphora: et Capitolinis injecit sedibus ignes. Tum statua Nattae, tum simulacra deorum, Romulusque et Remus cum altrice belua vi fulminis icti conciderunt, Cic. Div. 2, 20, 45;
so repeated seven times,
id. Rep. 1, 40, 62.—
(θ).
Redundant, the time of the action being clear without it (esp. in Cic.):
atque hoc tum judicio facto... tamen Avitus Oppianicum reum statim non facit,
Cic. Clu. 20, 56:
itaque tum ille inopia et necessitate coactus ad Caepasios confugit,
id. ib. 20, 57; id. Brut. 23, 90; 39, 145; 43, 161; cf. id. Sull. 18, 51, where tum redundant occurs six times successively.—
2.
In oblique discourse, referring to the time of the speaker, = nunc in direct discourse:
quando autem se, si tum non sint, pares hostibus fore?
if they were not now so, Liv. 3, 62, 1:
(dixit Sempronius)... nec tum agrum plebi, sed sibi invidiam quaeri,
id. 4, 44, 9; 4, 57, 4:
moenia eos tum transcendere non Italiae modo, sed etiam urbis Romanae,
id. 21, 35, 9; 5, 21, 7 (in this use nunc is also freq.).—
3.
Referring to indefinite time.
(α).
Then, at such a time of the year, day, etc., at such a season:
tum denique tauros in gregem redigo (after Lyra rises),
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12; 1, 35 fin.; Col. 11, 2, 87.—
(β).
With the force of an indefinite temporal clause, at such a time, in such circumstances, i. e. when such a thing happens as has happened:
qui (porci) a partu decimo die habentur puri, ab eo appellantur sacres, quod tum ad sacrificium idonei habentur primum,
Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 16; 2, 7, 13:
deinde cibum sequitur somnus... quia plurima tum se corpora conturbant (i. e. cum cibum ceperunt),
Lucr. 4, 957; 3, 599; 4, 892; 4, 919;
4, 1030: quam regionem cum superavit animus... finem altius se efferendi facit. Tum enim sui similem et levitatem et calorem adeptus... nullam in partem movetur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; 1, 31, 75; 3, 23, 55; 4, 24, 54; Tac. Dial. 7.—
(γ).
With the force of a conditional clause, then, in this instance, if so: immo res omnis relictas habeo prae quod tu velis. Ph. Tum tu igitur, qua causa missus es ad portum, id expedi (i. e. si ita est), Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 39; id. Most. 5, 1, 55; id. As. 1, 1, 93; 2, 2, 64; 3, 3, 36; id. Aul. 3, 6, 31; id. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 2, 78: non potitus essem;
fuisset tum illos mi aegre aliquot dies,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 7; id. Eun. 2, 2, 50; 5, 1, 23; id. Hec. 3, 5, 12:
ego C. Caesaris laudibus desim, quas, etc.? Tum hercule me confitear non judicium aliquod habuisse,
Cic. Planc. 39, 93: scribant aliquid Isocrateo more...;
tum illos existimabo non desperatione formidavisse genus hoc,
id. Or. 70, 235; id. Font. 21, 49 (17, 39); id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; Ov. H. 18 (19), 81: vellem tam ferax saeculum haberemus...;
tum ego te primus hortarer, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 8.—
4.
Referring to future time.
(α).
To a definite time before mentioned:
ut sit satius perdere Quam aut nunc manere tam diu, aut tum persequi,
i. e. after my future return, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 27:
jam nunc mente prospicio quae tum studia hominum, qui concursus futuri sint,
Cic. Div. in Caecin. 13, 42; id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; 1, 10, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 17; id. Marcell. 9, 30:
tum meae... Vocis accedet bona pars,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 45.—
(β).
With the force of a conditional clause (cf. 3. b, supra), then, in this instance, if so: specta, tum scies. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 100; cf.:
quom videbis, tum scies,
id. ib. 1, 2, 37: tuom incendes genus;
Tum igitur aquae erit tibi cupido, etc.,
id. Trin. 3, 2, 50; id. Curc. 2, 3, 17:
confer sudantes, ructantes, refertos epulis... tum intelleges, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 100; id. Planc. 18, 45; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115:
agedum, dictatorem creemus... Pulset tum mihi lictorem qui sciet, etc.,
Liv. 2, 29, 12; Cic. Phil. 10, 3, 6; id. Or. 23, 78; 71, 235; Liv. 4, 22, 11; 5, 16, 10; 9, 11, 4.—
B.
Referring to a time subsequent to a time mentioned, then, thereupon.
1.
Simple sequence in time.
(α).
Time proper (only of an immediate sequence;
otherwise deinde, postea, etc., are used): tum cum corde suo divum pater atque hominum rex Effatur, etc.,
Enn. Ann. 179:
dico ei quo pactod eam viderim erilem nostram filiam sustollere. Extimuit tum illa,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 58: tum ille egens forte adplicat Primum ad Chrysidis patrem se. Ter. And. 5, 4, 21; id. Eun. 3, 1, 17; Cato, R. R. 48 (49); 135 (136); so id. ib. 112 (113): equos quinto anno... amittere binos (dentes);
tum renascentes eis sexto anno impleri,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2 sq.: collo [p. 1909] cari jussit hominem in aureo lecto, abacosque complures ornavit... Tum ad mensam eximia forma pueros jussit consistere, eosque, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 61:
dixerat hoc ille, cum puer nuntiavit venire ad eum Laelium... Tum Scipio e cubiculo est egressus, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 12, 18; id. Div. 2, 66, 135; id. Clu. 14, 40; id. Cat. 3, 5, 10; id. Ac. 2, 5, 13; id. Div. 1, 35, 77:
hostes suos ab oppugnatione reduxerunt. Tum suo more conclamaverunt ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 26; cf. id. ib. 7, 64; 5, 43 fin.;
5, 48: adsurgentem ibi regem cuspide ad terram adfixit. Tum spolia caputque abscisum spiculo gerens... hostes fudit,
Liv. 4, 19, 5; 5, 21, 1; 1, 26, 9; 1, 18, 10; 1, 20, 1; 1, 22, 6; 1, 28, 4; 1, 28, 9; 2, 24, 4;
3, 8, 11, etc.: tum Caesar cum exercitu Thessaliam petit,
Vell. 2, 52, 1; Val. Max. 5, 1, 3; Curt. 4, 3, 7; Tac. A. 3, 28; 11, 35; id. H. 4, 84; Ov. M. 2, 122; 4, 80; 7, 121; 10, 481; 14, 386; Flor. 1, 13, 12; Gell. 1, 19, 5; 1, 23, 5.—
(β).
In partic., foll. by an abl. absol.:
tum, prope jam perculsis aliis tribunis, A. Verginius Caesoni capitis diem dicit,
Liv. 3, 11, 9; 8, 32, 1; 10, 29, 12:
tum omni spe perdita, Meherdates dolo ejus vincitur, traditurque victori,
Tac. A. 12, 15; 12, 16:
tum, ferro extracto, confestim exanimatus est,
Nep. Epam. 9, 4.—
(γ).
Implying a connection between two events, hence, under these circumstances, accordingly, thereupon:
at pater omnipotens ira tum percitus acri... Phaethonta... Deturbavit in terram,
Lucr. 5, 399:
madefactum iri Graeciam sanguine... tum neque te ipsum non esse commotum, Marcumque Varronem et M. Catonem... vehementer esse perterritos,
Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 34, 76; Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf. id. ib. 5, 49; 5, 51;
7, 59: quippe quibus nec domi spes prolis, nec cum finitimis conubia essent. Tum ex consilio patrum Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,
Liv. 1, 9, 2; 3, 26, 1; 3, 31, 7; 4, 45, 7.—
2.
Enumeration of a series of events; the co-ordinate clauses introduced by tum... tum, or primum (primo)... deinde... tum, etc.
(α).
Succession of time proper:
ducem Hannibali unum e concilio datum (a Jove), tum ei ducem illum praecepisse ne respiceret, illum autem respexisse, tum visam beluam vastam, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49; 1, 27, 57; 2, 28, 58 sq.:
primo... deinde... tum... tum,
id. Fin. 1, 16, 50; 5, 23, 65; id. Tusc. 5, 2, 5:
primum... deinde... tum... postremo,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 3; 3, 3, 6: primum colonos inde Romanos expulit: inde in Latinam viam transgressus, etc., inde Lavinium recepit; tum deinceps Corbionem, Vitelliam;
postremum, etc.,
Liv. 2, 39, 4:
primi consules sub jugum missi, tum ut quisque gradu proximus erat, tum deinceps singulae legiones,
id. 9, 6, 1:
primo... deinde... tum... tum,
id. 21, 22, 8; id. praef. 9; 3, 28, 8: 5, 39, 7;
23, 23, 6: deinde... deinde... Tum... post quas, etc.,
Curt. 3, 3, 24: primum... deinde... deinde... tum... postea, Masur. Gabin. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5; Gai. Inst. 4, 60.—
(β).
So in partic.: tum (also hic, et;
not deinde or postea), to denote the succession of speakers in dialogue: immo duas dabo, inquit adulescens... Tum senex ille: Si vis, inquit, quattuor sane dato,
Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 46 dub.:
tum Piso... inquit, etc. Tum Quintus... inquit, etc. Hic ego... inquam, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Piso... inquit, etc. Et ille ridens... inquit, etc. Tum Piso exorsus est, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sqq.:
tum Atticus... inquit, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Brutus, etc. Tum ille, etc. Tum Atticus, etc. Tum Pomponius... inquit, etc.,
id. Brut. 3, 11 sqq., and through the whole treatise; cf. id. Ac. 1, 2, 4; 1, 3, 9; 1, 4, 13; 1, 12, 43 and 44; 2, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 15 sqq.; id. Rep. 1, 13, 19 sqq.; Liv. 7, 10, 2 sqq.; 23, 12, 8; Tac. Dial. 3; 15; 25; 42; Gell. 3, 1, 11 sqq.; 18, 1, 9 sqq.; Ov. M. 14, 594.—
(γ).
Transf., of sequence or succession of thought, passing into mere co-ordination (v. C. 2. b, g), then... again... furthermore:
qui mi in cursu obstiterit, faxo vitae is obstiterit suae. Prius edico ne quis, etc. Tum pistores scrofipasci qui, etc. Tum piscatores.... Tum lanii autem qui, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 28; 4, 2, 34; 4, 2, 39: (res familiaris) primum bene parta sit, tum quam plurimis se utilem praebeat, deinde augeatur ratione, diligentia, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92; id. Ac. 2, 47, 146; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68 sq.; 5, 40, 117; id. Ac. 2, 10, 30; id. de Or. 1, 42, 190; id. Cat. 4, 3, 5; id. Agr. 1, 2, 5; id. Clu. 2, 6; Liv. 3, 26, 11.—
C.
Hence, as co-ordinating conjunction, introducing an additional assertion, or thought.
1.
Alone, = praeterea, and then, besides, also, moreover, on the other hand (freq. in ante-class. style and in Cic.;
rare in Livy and post-Aug. prose): argenti aurique advexit multum, lanam purpuramque multam... tum Babylonica peristromata, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 54; id. Rud. 2, 4, 10; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 71; 4, 8, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 78; id. Aul. 1, 2, 6; 1, 3, 16; id. Men. 5, 5, 41; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 1, 3, 15; 4, 2, 3; Ter. And. 1, 5, 27; 1, 2, 21; 2, 3, 7; id. Eun. prol. 4; 5, 6, 15; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; Lucr. 4, 680; cf. id. 1, 494; 4, 1152:
magnum ingenium L. Luculli, magnumque optimarum artium studium, tum omnis ab eo percepta doctrina... caruit omnino rebus urbanis,
Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 1; 2, 14, 43; id. Div. 1, 24, 50; 1, 42, 94; id. de Or. 1, 46, 201; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fin. 1, 6, 21; 2, 16, 53; id. Leg. 1, 5, 17; 1, 9, 26; id. Rab. Post. 14, 40; id. Phil. 13, 12, 26:
altera ex parte Bellovaci instabant, alteram Camulogenus tenebat: tum legiones a praesidio interclusas maximum flumen distinebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 59; id. B. C. 3, 49: naves convenerunt duae Punicae quinqueremes;
duae ab Heraclea triremes... tum quinque Rhodiae quadriremes,
Liv. 42, 56, 6; 1, 40, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 4; Just. 5, 10, 3.—Sometimes connecting two terms of the same clause, with the force of cum... tum (v. infra, 3. d.):
quot me censes homines jam deverberasse, hospites tum civis?
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 14:
faciendum est igitur nobis ut... veteranorum, tum legionis Martiae quartaeque consensus... confirmetur,
Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 28, 43, 1 (in co-ordination often with etiam, autem, and sometimes with praeterea and porro; v. III. infra).—
2.
Tum as correlative of a preceding tum.
(α).
With an added assertion or thought: ita est haec hominum natio: voluptarii atque potatores, Tum sycophantae... plurimi In urbe habitant;
tum meretrices mulieres Nusquam perhibentur blandiores gentium,
Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 100; 3, 1, 102.—
(β).
Tum... tum = nunc... nunc (modo... modo), sometimes... sometimes, now... now, at one time... at another (freq. in Cic., not in Caes., rare in Liv., and very rare in postAug. writers):
tum huc, tum illuc inretitos impedit piscis,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 17:
tum hoc mihi probabilius, tum illud videtur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 134:
mihi... tum hoc tum illud probabilius videtur,
id. Off. 3, 7, 33; so id. Am. 4, 13; id. Sen. 13, 45; id. Top. 7, 31; id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:
(alvus) tum restringitur, tum relaxatur,
id. ib. 2, 54, 136; id. Rep. 3, 13 (14), 23; id. Leg. 2, 7, 16; id. Or. 63, 212; id. Sen. 3, 7; id. Inv. 1, 37, 66:
dictator tum appellare tum adhortari milites,
Liv. 8, 39, 4; Suet. Ner. 1; Gell. 1, 11, 15.—Tum may be repeated several times:
plerique propter voluptatem tum in morbos graves, tum in damna, tum in dedecora incurrunt,
Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 47; 3, 7, 26;
so three times,
id. N. D. 1, 12, 29; 1, 14, 37; 1, 15, 39; id. Inv. 1, 52, 98; id. Or. 3, 45, 177; id. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 2, 17, 43; id. Top. 25, 96;
four times,
id. N. D. 1, 43, 120; 2, 20, 52; 2, 39, 101; id. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75;
five times,
id. N. D. 2, 5, 14; id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; 1, 41, 76; id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 94;
six times,
id. ib. 1, 53, 120;
seven times,
Quint. 9, 4, 133;
nine times,
Cic. N. D. 2, 50, 51.—And in chronological order (to be distinguished from the instances B. 2. a and g):
Atheniensium (rem publicam constituerunt) tum Theseus, tum Draco, tum Solo, tum Clisthenes, tum multi alii,
at different times, successively, Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 2.—
(γ).
Preceded or followed by other co-ordinate words (alias, modo, aliquando, aut... aut, nunc... nunc):
ex quo intellegitur qualis ille sit quem tum moderatum, alias modestum, tum temperantem, alias constantem continentemque dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 36:
tum... tum... aliquando,
id. Div. 2, 2, 6:
tum... tum... aut... aut,
id. Or. 61, 204:
modo... tum autem,
id. N. D. 2, 40, 142:
nunc... nunc... tum... tum,
Flor. 1, 17, 5.—
(δ).
Tum... tum = et... et, both... and, not only... but also, partly... partly, without regard to time, the second term being frequently strengthened by etiam (mostly post-Aug.):
Milo Compsam oppugnans, ictusque lapide tum Clodio, tum patriae, quam armis petebat, poenas dedit,
Vell. 2, 68, 3:
Muciam et Fulviam, tum a patre, tum a viro utramque inclitam,
Val. Max. 9, 1, 8:
Caesar Pompejo tum proprias, tum etiam filiae lacrimas reddidit,
id. 5, 1, 10; Quint. 7, 3, 18; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 28; id. Clem. 1, 19, 2; Front. Aquaed. 1; Tac. A. 12, 33; Suet. Tit. 3; Nep. praef. 8;
and with etiam,
Val. Max. 2, 2, 8; 5, 9, 1; 7, 6 prooem.; Nep. Them. 2, 3.—
3.
As correlative with a preceding cum, introducing particular after a universal or a stronger or more important assertion after a weaker or less important.
a.
Connecting complete sentences with different predicates, cum... tum = as... so, while... (tum being not translated; ante-class. cum always with indic.; class. with subj. or indic.):
quom antehac te amavi, et mihi amicam esse crevi... tum id mihi hodie aperuisti,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 2; id. Truc. 4, 1, 6:
quom id mihi placebat, tum uno ore omnes omnia Bona dicere,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 10:
quae cum res tota ficta sit pueriliter, tum ne efficit quidem quod vult,
Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19; id. Tusc. 5, 39, 13; id. Fam. 13, 16, 1; and so with subj., id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Off. 3, 2, 5; id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Brut. 39, 145; 11, 250:
cum omnium rerum simulatio est vitiosa, tum amicitiae repugnat maxime,
id. Lael. 25, 91; id. Div. 2, 27, 58; and so with indic., id. Planc. 33, 80; id. Tull. 4, 8; id. Div. in Caecil. 20, 65; id. Sest. 1, 2; id. Fam. 16, 4, 4:
haec cum merito ejus fieri intellegebat, tum magni interesse arbitrabatur, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 4; 3, 16; id. B. C. 1, 58; Liv. 3, 34, 1; 4, 53, 4.—
b.
Clauses with the same predicate, which is placed after the first clause (always with indic.):
nam mihi, cum multa eximie divineque videntur Athenae tuae peperisse, tum nihil melius illis mysteriis quibus, etc.,
Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 36; id. Tusc. 4, 18, 42; id. Phil. 2, 5, 12; Liv. 4, 46, 10; 6, 38, 10.—
c.
Clauses with a common predicate placed before both co-ordinate terms, cum... tum = not only, but also; as... so especially:
visa est Arcesilae cum vera sententia, tum honesta et digna sapiente,
Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 77; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; 2, 35, 119; 3, 1, 3:
movit patres conscriptos cum causa tum auctor,
Liv. 9, 10, 1; 4, 57, 2; Suet. Ner. 46 init. —
d.
With a common predicate after both co-ordinate terms:
quom virum tum uxorem, di vos perdant,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 103:
luxuria cum omni aetati turpis tum senectuti foedissima est,
Cic. Off. 1, 34, 123; id. Clu. 59, 161; id. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 86; id. N. D. 1, 21, 57; id. Deiot. 9, 26; id. Clu. 16, 46:
concitatos animos flecti quam frangi putabat cum tutius tum facilius esse,
Liv. 2, 23, 15; 6, 9, 8; 1, 57, 1; 10, 26, 13; Tac. Dial. 5.—With tum several times repeated:
quem pater moriens cum tutoribus et propinquis, tum legibus, tum aequitati magistratuum, tum judiciis vestris commendatum putavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 151; cf. esp. id. Planc. 40, 95. —
e.
Tum, in this construction, is freq. strengthened,
(α).
By vero:
cum haec sunt videnda, tum vero illud est hominis magni, etc.,
in particular, Cic. Clu. 58, 159; id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Phil. 3, 5, 12; 7, 3, 9; cf. id. Or. 1, 23, 106; 3, 16, 60; Liv. 34, 39, 9; Quint. 12, 1, 25.—
(β).
By maxime, above all, most of all, especially, chiefly:
cum omnibus in rebus temeritas in adsentando turpis est, tum in eo loco maxime in quo ju dicandum est quantum, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 4, 7; id. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; 5, 12, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 69:
cum infamia atque indignitas rei impediebat, tum maxime quod, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 56; Sall. J. 43, 5; Liv. 1, 8, 2; Suet. Claud. 30; Quint. 6, 1, 29.—
(γ).
By praecipue, especially, chiefly, above all:
cum omnium sociorum provinciarumque rationem diligenter habere debetis, tum praecipue Siciliae,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2; id. Fam. 13, 11, 3:
fortuna quae plurimum potest cum in reliquis rebus, tum praecipue in bello,
Caes. B. C. 3, 68; Liv. 22, 43, 11; 1, 40, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 29; 1, 10, 13; 5, 10, 106; Plin. Ep. 4, 3, 2.—
(δ).
By inprimis, chiefly, principally:
cum multa non probo, tum illud inprimis quod, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 18; id. Fam. 12, 22, 3.—
(ε).
By cumprimis, chiefly, principally: quapropter bene cum superis de rebus habenda Nobis est ratio... tum cumprimis Unde anima atque animi constet [p. 1910] natura videndum, Lucr. 1, 131.—
(ζ).
By certe, especially, at least, assuredly:
at cum de plurimis eadem dicit, tum certe de maximis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 5, 13; id. Fam. 7, 4; cf. Quint. 2, 1, 10.—
(η).
By nimirum, assuredly, undoubtedly:
cum plurimas... commoditates amicitia contineat, tum illa nimirum praestat omnibus quod, etc.,
Cic. Am. 7, 23. —
(θ).
By etiam, besides, as well:
cum omnes omnibus ex terris homines improbos audacesque collegerat, tum etiam multos fortes viros et bonos... tenebat,
Cic. Cael. 6, 14; id. Ac. 2, 10, 31; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:
quos tu cum memoriter, tum etiam erga nos amice et benevole collegisti,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:
cum sua virtute, tum etiam alienis vitiis,
id. Leg. 23, 67; id. Fin. 2, 12, 38; id. N. D. 2, 37, 95; id. de Or. 3, 60, 225; Liv. 1, 21, 2; 7, 23, 6; 7, 32, 10; Val. Max. 7, 2, 3; 3, 2, 10; 9, 6, 3; Quint. 9, 1, 20; 9, 4, 143.—
(ι).
By quoque, also, besides, as well:
cum potestas major, tum vir quoque potestati par hostes trans Anienem submovere,
Liv. 4, 17, 11; 1, 22, 2; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 72.—
(κ).
By et, also, besides, too:
cujus mortem cum luctus civitatis, tum et dictaturae undecim insignem fecere,
Just. 19, 1, 7.—
(λ).
By praeterea, moreover, besides:
dicimus C. Verrem cum multa libidinose fecerit, tum praeterea quadringentiens sestertium ex Sicilia abstulisse,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56.
II.
Tum as correlative of dependent clauses (freq. in ante - class. writings and Cic., rare in post-Aug. writings).
A.
With temporal clauses, introduced by cum, = at the time when, at a time when.
1.
Referring to definite past time.
a.
Tum as antecedent of cum:
jam tum cum primum jussit me ad se arcessier, Roget quis, Quid tibi cum illa?
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21:
qui (Hercules) tum dolore frangebatur cum immortalitatem ipsa morte quaerebat,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20:
bene apud majores nostros senatus tum cum florebat imperium decrevit ut, etc.,
id. Div. 1, 41, 91; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114; id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160; id. Clu. 33, 89; id. Verr. 1, 2, 5; id. Brut. 2, 7; 23, 89; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 2, 24, 64; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; 3, 4, 11:
tum mittendos legatos fuisse cum Perseus Graecas urbes obsideret,
Liv. 45, 3, 7:
tum cum Vipereos sparsi... dentes,
Ov. M. 4, 572; id. H. 3, 23; Val. Max. 6, 1, 12.—After pluperf.:
nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant scimus Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19; Val. Max. 3, 6, 1; 2, 8, 15 fin. —Tum inserted in the temporal clause:
cum Davo egomet vidi jurgantem ancillam... quom ibi me adesse neuter tum praesenserat,
Ter. And. 5, 1, 20.—
b.
Tum, introducing the apodosis of the temporal clause (generally not transl. in Engl.).
(α).
Of coincident events, cum... tum = while: quom genui tum morituros scivi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. Rel. v. 361 Vahl.); Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 18:
cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur,
Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Agr. 2, 11, 26; id. Cael. 26, 63; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13:
cum pavida mulier nullam opem videret, tum Tarquinius fateri amorem, orare, etc.,
Liv. 1, 58, 3; 5, 11, 4. —
(β).
Tum = deinde, usu. after a pluperf.:
id cum Sulla fecisset, tum ante oppidum Nolam Samnitium castra cepit,
Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72; id. Brut. 92, 319; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; 2, 3, 15; id. Fin. 1, 8, 26; id. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; id. Div. 1, 25, 53; 2, 2, 7; id. Rep. 2, 25, 47; Liv. 21, 11, 8; cf. id. 1, 26, 7; 23, 22, 4.—Inserted in the apodosis:
cum jam humanae opes egestae a Veis essent, amoliri tum deum dona,
Liv. 5, 22, 3.—
2.
Referring to definite present time:
quem esse negas, eundem esse dicis. Cum enim miserum esse dicis, tum eum qui non sit, dicis esse,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12.—
3.
Referring to indefinite time.
a.
As antecedent of the clause, = at the time when, at a time when, whenever: hominum inmortalis est infamia;
etiam tum vivit quom esse credas mortuam,
Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28; id. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7; Cato, R. R. 31:
nec sibi enim quisquam tum se vitamque requirit Cum pariter mens et corpus sopita quiescunt,
Lucr. 3, 919; 4, 444; 4, 455;
4, 1166: omnis praedictio mali tum probatur cum ad praedictionem cautio adjungitur,
Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104; id. N. D. 2, 3, 9: tum cum sine pondere suci Mobilibus ventis arida facta volant, Ov. H. 5, 109; Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44; 2, 27, 88; id. Fin. 4, 8, 20; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 20; 5, 26, 73; id. N. D. 1, 4, 9; id. Off. 1, 27, 93.—Tum maxime... cum plurimum = eo magis quo magis:
eam (partem animi) tum maxime vigere cum plurimum absit a corpore,
Cic. Div. 1, 32, 70; so, cum maxime... tum maxime; v. b. a foll.—
b.
Tum introducing the apodosis.
(α).
As coincident:
quom amamus, tum perimus,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 94:
ulmus, cum folia cadunt, tum iterum tempestiva est,
Cato, R. R. 17; so id. ib. 155 (156):
cum ea quae quasi involuta fuerunt, aperti sunt, tum inventa dicuntur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 26; id. Fin. 5, 10, 29; 1, 17, 57; id. N. D. 2, 52, 129; 1, 19, 49; id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 15.—Cum maxime... tum maxime = quo magis eo magis:
nam quom pugnabant maxume, ego tum fugiebam maxume,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 45:
quamobrem omnes, cum secundae res sunt maxume, tum maxume Meditari secum oportet, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 30 poet. —
(β).
As subsequent:
ad legionem quom itum, adminiculum eis danunt tum jam aliquem cognatum suum,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 47:
eo cum accessit ratio argumentique conclusio... tum et perceptio eorum omnium apparet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 30; 2, 41, 128; id. Fin. 5, 9, 24; 1, 20, 69; 5, 15, 41; id. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 1, 24, 58; 3, 2, 3; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; id. Div. 2, 19, 44.—
4.
Referring to future time.
(α).
Tum as antecedent of cum:
quom mi haec dicentur dicta, tum tu, furcifer, quasi mus in medio pariete vorsabere,
Plaut. Cas. 1, 51; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 20:
non committam ut tum haec res judicetur cum haec frequentia Roma discesserit,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54; id. Agr. 2, 17, 44; 2, 25, 67; id. Fin. 4, 22, 62; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Liv. 23, 13, 4; 41, 10, 7; Ov. M. 2, 651; id. H. 15, 293; Nep. Them. 6, 5.—
(β).
Tum introducing the apodosis:
quom videbis, tum scies,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; 4, 6, 30:
de quo cum perpauca dixero, tum ad jus civile veniam,
Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Clu. 2, 6; 4, 9; Liv. 3, 56, 10.—
B.
With temporal clause, introduced by ubi.
1.
Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):
vitem novellam resecare tum erit tempus ubi valebit,
Cato, R. R. 33:
tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, ubi erit locata virgo in matrimonium?
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—
2.
Tum introducing the apodosis.
(α).
Referring to definite past time (tum always = deinde):
ubi eorum dolorem majorem quam ceterorum cognovi, tum meum animum in illos, tum mei consilii causam proposui, tum eos hortatus sum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Sall. J. 94, 3:
ubi illuxit, et Romanis Punica et Gallica arma cognita, tum dubitationem exemere,
Liv. 25, 10, 5; 1, 9, 10; 4, 57, 3; 9, 43, 16; 21, 25, 12; 23, 11, 4.—
(β).
Referring to indefinite time:
post ubi tempust promissa jam perfici, Tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,
Ter. And. 4, 1, 8: Cato, R. R. 3 init.; 17:
ubi jam morbi se flexit causa... Tum quasi vaccillans primum consurgit,
Lucr. 3, 503; 6, 129; 6, 526.—
(γ).
Referring to future time:
otium ubi erit, tum tibi operam ludo et deliciae dabo,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 13; id. Stich. 4, 2, 14:
ubi tu voles, Ubi tempus erit, sat habet si tum recipitur,
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 32; Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 18; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 72; id. Pers. 4, 7, 19; id. Cas. 3, 2, 27:
ut ubi id interrogando argumentis firmavero, tum testes ad crimen accommodem,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55:
ubi haerere jam aciem videris, tum terrorem equestrem infer,
Liv. 6, 12, 10; 22, 55, 8.—
C.
With a temporal clause introduced by postquam.
1.
Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):
Flaminius qui ne quieto quidem hoste ipse quieturus erat, tum vero postquam res sociorum ante oculos prope suos ferri vidit, suum id dedecus ratus, etc.,
Liv. 22, 3, 7; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 (v. infra, III. A. 2. a. b).—
2.
Tum introducing the apodosis (always = deinde).
(α).
Referring to definite past time:
posteaquam e portu piratae exierunt, tum coeperunt quaerere homines, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 100; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40 (al. tunc):
postquam satis virium collectum videbat, tum ex suis unum sciscitatum Romam ad patrem misit,
Liv. 1, 54, 5; 3, 66, 5; 6, 13, 4; 22, 48, 4; 25, 10, 6; Gell. 5, 3, 6.—
(β).
Referring to indefinite time: postquam vero commoditas quaedam... dicendi copiam consecuta est, tum ingenio freta malitia pervertere urbes adsuevit, Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 3.—
D.
With a temporal clause introduced by ut.
1.
Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):
tum vero ingentem gemitum dat Ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici... conspexit,
Verg. A. 1, 485; cf. id. ib. 12, 218.—
2.
Tum introducing the apodosis.
(α).
Of definite past time:
nam ut dudum adcurrimus ad Alcesimarchum... tum mi, puto, prae timore hic excidisse Cistellam,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 46:
sed ut intellectum est quantam vim haberet accurata... oratio, tum etiam magistri dicendi multi subito exstiterunt,
Cic. Brut. 8, 30; id. Phil. 9, 4, 9; Liv. 24, 44, 10; id. 21, 54, 9; 23, 34, 6.—
(β).
Referring to future time:
neque ut quaeque res delata ad nos erit, tum denique scrutari locos debemus,
Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 146:
traditum esse ut quando aqua Albana abundasset, tum, si eam Romanus rite emisisset, victoriam de Vejentibus dari (= si quando),
Liv. 5, 15, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.—
E.
With a temporal clause introduced by quando.
1.
Tum as antecedent of the clause.
(α).
Of definite past time:
auctoritatem senatus exstare sentio, tum, quando Alexandro mortuo, legatos Tyrum misimus,
Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 41.—
(β).
Of future time:
at scire tum memento quando id quod voles habebis,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 41; id. Mil. 3, 1, 213; id. Most. 3, 1, 136; id. Men. 5, 7, 57:
utinam tum essem natus quando Romani dona accipere coepissent,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75.—
2.
Tum introducing the apodosis.
(α).
Of indefinite time (quando = whenever):
quando esurio tum crepant (intestina),
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 27; id. Truc. 1, 1, 15; id. Ps. 4, 7, 85:
quando mulier dotem marito dabat, tum quae ex suis bonis retinebat reciperare dicebatur,
Gell. 17, 6, 6; 7 (6), 14, 4.—
(β).
Of future time:
at tu, quando habebis, tum dato,
Plaut. Men. 3, 3, 23:
quando ab eadem parte sol eodemque tempore iterum defecerit, tum signis omnibus ad principium revocatis, expletum annum habeto,
Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:
quando mihi usus venerit, tum quaeram ex te atque discam,
Gell. 6 (7), 17, 4.—
F.
In the apodosis after simul ac:
an simul ac nubes successere, ipse in eas tum Descendit (Juppiter), prope ut hinc teli determinet ictus?
Lucr. 6, 402.—
G.
With a temporal clause introduced by dum.
1.
Tum as antecedent:
sanctius visum est nomen Augusti, ut scilicet jam tum dum colit terras, ipso numine ac titulo consecretur,
Flor. 2, 33, 66 (4, 12, 66).—
2.
Tum introducing the apodosis:
dum habeat, tum amet,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23:
dum se glomerant... tum pondere turris Procubuit,
Verg. A. 9, 540.—
H.
As antecedent of quamdiu:
qui cum tibi amicus non modo tum fuerit quamdiu tecum in provincia fuerit, verum etiam nunc sit cum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58.—
K.
Denoting a logical consequence after quando and cum:
quando ergo erga te benignus fui... tum te mihi benigne itidem addecet... referre gratiam,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 35:
cum magnus numerus deesset, tum iste homo nefarius in eorum locum... substituere coepit cives Romanos,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72.—
L.
After relative clauses denoting time: qua tempestate Paris Helenam innuptis junxit nuptiis, Ego tum gravida expletis jam fere ad pariendum mensibus, Poet. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 219 (Trag. Rel. p. 246 Rib.).—
M.
With conditional clauses.
1.
With a conditional clause introduced by si, sin, ni (not nisi).
(α).
Tum as antecedent of clause:
tum pol ego interii, homo si ille abiit,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 6; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 40:
si tenuis causa est, tum etiam argumentandi tenue filum,
Cic. Or. 36, 124; id. Rep. 1, 40, 62; 2, 9, 15; id. Fin. 1, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 13; id. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:
tum vero ego nequiquam Capitolium servaverim si civem in servitutem duci videam,
Liv. 6, 14, 4; 3, 9, 11; 6, 14, 4; 7, 34, 14; Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14; Gell. 2, 12, 1 sq.; 4, 13, 1; 14, 2, 21.—
(β).
Tum introducing the apodosis:
si triduum hoc hic erimus, tum arbores in te cadent,
Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 30; id. Rud. 5, 2, 59; 3, 4, 49; id. As. 1, 3, 89; id. Rud. 1, 3, 13; id. Ps. 4, 1, 1; 4, 1, 48 (39); Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 64; 3, 1, 17; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 19; Cato, R. R. 26; cf. id. ib. 27:
quod si, ut spero, cepero, tum vero litteras publice mittam,
Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Div. 1, 44, 100; cf. id. Ac. 2, 10, 32; id. Fin. 2, 4, 79; id. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Rep. 1, 43, 66: id. [p. 1911] Rosc. Am. 49, 142:
si dimicandum erit, tum tu in novissimos te recipito,
Liv. 7, 40, 13; 8, 10, 12; Hor. S. 1, 2, 97; Ov. M. 7, 32.—
Esp., denoting the consequences of perjury in ancient formulas of oaths: si ego injuste illos homines dedier mihi exposco, tum patriae compotem me numquam siris esse,
Liv. 1, 32, 7; 1, 24, 8; 22, 53, 11; hence, quid si falles? Me. Tum Mercurius Sosiae iratus siet, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 239; 3, 2, 52; id. Aul. 4, 10, 50; cf. also Liv. 3, 64, 10.—
2.
With a condition contrary to fact.
(α).
Tum, antecedent of clause:
tum esset ostentum, si anguem vectis circumplicavisset,
Cic. Div. 2, 28, 62; id. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:
tum id audirem si tibi soli viveres,
id. Marcell. 8, 25; id. Fin. 4, 13, 33; id. Div. 2, 35, 73.—
(β).
Tum introducing the apodosis:
si quidem me amaret, tum istuc prodesset,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 56:
quodsi omnia nobis quae ad victum pertinent. suppeditarentur, tum optimo quisque ingenio, totum se in cognitione et scientia collocaret,
Cic. Off. 1, 44, 158. —
N.
After an abl. absol.
1.
With perfect participles (= postquam or cum... tum), mostly with denique, vero, demum.
(α).
Referring to definite past time:
ut morte ejus nuntiata tum denique bellum confectum arbitraretur,
Cic. Mur. 16, 34:
sed confecto proelio tum vero cerneres quanta vis animi fuisset in exercitu Catilinae,
Sall. C. 61, 1:
ita rebus divinis peractis tum de bello deque republica dictator rettulit,
Liv. 22, 11, 1; 2, 29, 1; 2, 29, 3; 3, 56, 1; 5, 50, 8; Plin. 11, 20, 22, § 68.—
(β).
Referring to indefinite time:
hisce omnibus rebus consideratis, tum denique id quod primum est dicendum, postremum soleo cogitare, quo utar exordio,
Cic. Or. 2, 77, 315.—
(γ).
Referring to future time (the abl. absol. = a fut. perf.):
ita prope XL. diebus interpositis tum denique se responsuros esse arbitrantur,
Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 31; 1, 18, 54; id. Fin. 4, 13, 32; id. Scaur. Fragm. 10, 22.—
2.
With pres. participles (post-class.):
tacentibus cunctis, tum ipse (dixit), etc.,
Just. 12, 15, 6.
III.
Particular connections.
A.
With other particles of time.
1.
Jam tum, already at that time, i. e. earlier than might be anticipated:
jam tum erat suspitio Dolo malo haec fieri,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 8; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 58; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 34:
quippe etenim jam tum divom mortalia saecla Egregias animo facies vigilante videbant,
Lucr. 5, 1169; 5, 1037:
ut mihi jam tum divinasse ille (Romulus) videatur hanc urbem sedem aliquando summo esse imperio praebituram,
Cic. Rep. 2, 5, 10; 2, 7, 12; id. Div. 2, 57, 118; id. Tusc. 4, 2, 4:
jam tum in Palatio monte Lupercal hoc fuisse ludicrum ferunt,
Liv. 1, 5, 1; 1, 7, 16; 1, 41, 7; 10, 21, 14;
24, 49, 1: ut jam tum qualis futurus esset ostenderet,
Suet. Dom. 1; Curt. 4, 6, 29.—
2.
Tum demum and tum denique, then only, then at length, then at last, not till then, i. e. later than might be expected, implying delayed action.
a.
Tum demum.
(α).
In gen.:
adversisque in rebus noscere qui sit. Nam verae voces tum demum pectore ab imo Eiciuntur,
Lucr. 3, 58:
tum demum Liscus, oratione Caesaris adductus, quod antea tacuerat proponit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 5, 33; Sall. J. 46, 1:
nec ante in campum degressi sunt quam, etc. Tum demum castra Etruscorum pro moenibus Fidenarum posita,
Liv. 4, 17, 12; 45, 12, 6; 2, 20, 11; 5, 39, 2; 23, 19, 15 et saep.; Val. Max. 1, 6, 10; 1, 7, 4; Curt. 3, 12, 12; Tac. A. 3, 18; 3, 47.—
(β).
In partic., referring to clauses introduced by cum, ubi, si, or abl. absol. (v. II. A. B. L. M.), denoting absolute restriction to the terms of the clause:
imo etiam ubi expolivero, magis hoc tum demum dices,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 60:
tum demum mihi procax Academia videbitur si aut consenserint omnes, aut, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 13:
cum is Casilini eo die mansurum dixisset, tum demum cognitus est error,
Liv. 22, 13, 8; Vell. 2, 115, 4; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 fin.; 7, 2, 4; Curt. 3, 11, 6; Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7.—
(γ).
Sometimes = nunc demum (anteclass.): victus es, Chaline. St. Tum nos demum vivere. Olympio. Gaudeo, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 65.—
b.
Tum denique.
(α).
In gen.:
tum denique tauros in gregem redigo,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5:
injecta glaeba tumulus is (locus) ubi humatus est vocatur, ac tum denique multa religiosa jura complectitur,
Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57; id. Fin. 3, 22, 76; id. Tusc. 3, 26, 61: nequiquam temptati ut tum denique desisterent impediendo bello, Liv. 4, 55, 5; Ov. M. 4, 519; 7, 857; 10, 664.—
(β).
Referring to clauses with cum, etc. (v. II. A. B. L. M.):
tum denique homines nostra intellegimus bona quom quae in potestate habuimus ea amisimus,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 33:
quo cum venerimus, tum denique vivemus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75; 3, 31, 75; id. Leg. 2, 4, 10; id. Rep. 1, 6, 11; so,
tum denique si,
id. Fam. 14, 2, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, § 29; id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 1:
indicandum primum fuisse, dein petendum praesidium, postremo ni impetraretur, tum denique querendum,
Liv. 23, 43, 2; Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126 (for tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9, v. II. D. 2. a).—
3.
Tum primum (rarely primo), then for the first time:
tum genus humanum primum mollescere coepit,
Lucr. 5, 1014:
ludorum gratia quos tum primum anniversarios in circo facere constituisset,
Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 12; id. Sen. 21, 78; Caes. B. G. 7, 11:
ponte sublicio tum primum in Tiberi facto,
Liv. 1, 33, 6; 2, 41, 3; 39, 22, 2; 2, 20, 6; 39, 49, 4; Vell. 2, 37, 5; Tac. A. 2, 27; id. H. 4, 57; Curt. 3, 12, 26. —
4.
With deinde, hic, postea, with consecutive force emphatic.
a.
Deinde tum (very rare):
primum ea quae sumus acturi cogitare debemus, deinde tum dicere ac facere,
Varr. L. L. 6, 6, 62.—
b.
Tum deinde.
(α).
= tum demum or tum denique, then at length, not till then, then only:
nonne optime patronus occurrat prius conviciis luxuriae, etc., tum deinde narret de bonis Pallae? etc.,
Quint. 4, 2, 27; 12, 10, 11:
emam, aedificabo, credam, exigam, honores geram: tum deinde lassam senectutem in otium referam,
Sen. Ep. 101, 4; Plin. 16, 44, 95, § 251.—So corresp. with cum:
quas cum solus pertulisset, tum deinde comitia collegae subrogando habuit,
Liv. 2, 8, 3 (Weissenb. demum, by conj.); Col. R. R. 1, 6, 13. —
(β).
= an emphatic deinde: nam praetermisit quod in prima parte sumere debuit;
tum deinde eodem ipso quod omiserat quasi proposito ad confirmandum aliud utitur,
Gell. 2, 8, 3; 13, 24 (23), 1; Just. 2, 1, 19.—
c.
With hic:
hic tum repente Pacilius quidam accedit, ait, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94:
hic ego tum ad respondendum surrexi,
id. Clu. 18, 51; 27, 73:
hic tum injectus est hominibus scrupulus,
id. ib. 28, 76; id. Sest. 11, 25.—
d.
Tum postea:
tum postea complorantibus nostris, dies quidem tandem inluxit,
Gell. 19, 1, 3; so id. 14, 3, 10 (for quid tum postea, v. D. 1.).—
5.
With interim:
unum, alterum, tertium annum Sassia quiescebat... Tum interim, Q. Hortensio, Q. Metello coss.... despondet ei filiam suam,
Cic. Clu. 64, 179.—
B.
With particles of emphasis.
1.
Tum vero (sometimes tum enimvero or enimvero tum), then indeed, at that crisis, then if not before, etc., or merely = emphatic then, denoting either coincidence or sequence of action.
(α).
In gen.:
discedit a Melino Cluentia. Tum vero illa egregia mater palam exsultare... coepit,
Cic. Clu. 5, 14; 22, 61; id. Agr. 1, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107:
semper equidem magno cum metu incipio dicere... tum vero ita sum perturbatus ut, etc.,
id. Clu. 18, 51:
tum vero dubitandum non existimavit quin ad eos proficisceretur,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8; 5, 37; id. B. C. 1, 82; 2, 42:
Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor... junguntur nuptiis. Tum vero in dies infestior Tulli senectus... coepit esse,
Liv. 1, 47, 1; 2, 22, 6; 4, 49, 13; 10, 19, 12; 21, 45, 9; 21, 58, 5; Ov. M. 2, 227; 7, 685; Curt. 4, 13, 1; 3, 11, 5; Tac. Agr. 37.—And in enumerations:
deinde... post autem... tum vero ipsam veterem Karthaginem vendunt,
Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5.—
(β).
As correlative of temporal or conditional clauses, and after abl. absol.:
quod ubi Romam est nuntiatum, senatui metum injecit ne tum vero sustineri nec in urbe seditio, nec in castris posset,
Liv. 5, 7, 4; Sall. J. 94, 3:
tum vero... si,
Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 63; Liv. 6, 14, 4 (v. II. M. 1. a, b).—With cum, Liv. 32, 12, 1:
quae postquam frustra temptata rogumque parari... vidit, Tum vero gemitus... Edidit,
Ov. M. 2, 621; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40; v. C. 1. b. (so, tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; v. II. D. 2. and M. 1.).—
2.
Tum quidem, at that time, thereupon, then at least (usu. opposed to a later time): dixit sibi in somnis visum esse, etc. Et tum quidem incolumis exercitum liberavit; post triennium autem devovit se, etc., Cic. Div. 1, 24, 51; so,
actum quidem,
id. Fl. 25, 59; id. Lael. 11, 39:
et tum quidem ab Dio Perseus in interiora regni recepit se... post dies paucos, etc.,
Liv. 42, 39, 1; 1, 57, 10; 3, 2, 10;
7, 17, 3.—Often in resuming the narrative after a digression: ac tum quidem regem... filium appellat,
Curt. 4, 7, 25.—Merely emphatic:
Duillio Cornelioque coss. etiam mari congredi ausus est. Tum quidem ipsa velocitas classis comparatae victoriae auspicium fuit,
Flor. 1, 18 (2, 2), 7; so id. 1, 22 (2, 6), 20; 1, 40 (3, 5), 12.—With cum, Tac. Dial. 11.—
3.
Ne tum quidem, not even then:
num quis horum miser hodie? Ne tum quidem, post spiritum extremum,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89; id. Div. 1, 26, 55; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 98:
ubi ne tum quidem eos prodire intellexit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 50; 7, 53; Tac. H. 5, 21; Curt. 3, 2, 18.—With cum:
ille vere ne tum quidem miser cum ab Oroete in crucem actus est,
Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 92; so id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; Liv. praef. 12; 39, 39, 11.—
4.
Tum maxime (sometimes tum cummaxime).
(α).
Especially at that time, chiefly then: illi sumposia, nos convivia quod tum maxime simul vivitur, Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 35; id. Leg. 2, 11, 26.—With cum:
quae quidem vis tum maxime cognita est cum... M. Cato, legem suadens, in Galbam multa dixit,
Cic. Brut. 23, 89; id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Par. 4, 1, 29.—
(β).
Just then, just at that moment (not ante-Aug.):
regi, tum maxime captivos ex Illyrico vendenti,
Liv. 43, 20, 3; 1, 10, 1:
per totam aciem vulgatum est, castra amissa esse, et tum cummaxime ardere,
id. 40, 32, 1; so,
tum cummaxime,
id. 43, 7, 8:
corpus enim suum a caupone trucidatum tum maxime plaustro ad portam ferri,
Val. Max. 1, 7, ext. 10; 2, 10, 2; 3, 2, 2 fin.; Curt. 3, 4, 14; 6, 6, 10; Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154; Quint. 2, 15, 30; 2, 61, 31; Suet. Caes. 65; id. Calig. 53.—So with cum:
et quod tum maxime Abydum oppugnaret cum rex ab Attalo et Rhodiis ultro se bello lacessitum diceret,
Liv. 31, 18, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 15, 2.—
(γ).
Strengthening the co-ordinate tum after cum, so especially; v. I. C. 3. e. b (for cum maxime... tum maxime and tum maxime... cum plurimum, v. II. A. 3. a. b.).—
5.
Tum potissimum = tum maxime, just then (rare):
C. Caesar... tum potissimum acie commissa impeditos religione hostes vicit,
Front. Strat. 2, 1, 16.—
6.
Etiam tum.
(α).
Even then:
etiam tum vivit cum esse credas mortuam,
Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28:
totum se Servilio etiam tum tradidit,
even then, at so late a time, Cic. Sest. 62, 130:
etiam tum cum verisimile erit,
id. Rosc. Am. 20, 57.— So with cum, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154; id. Dom. 13, 23; id. Sest. 38, 81.—
(β).
Still, as yet (also as one word; cf. etiamtum, and v. the foll. additional passages), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 19, § 41; id. Fin. 3, 14, 48; id. Rep. 2, 12, 24; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; id. Brut. 20, 80; id. Off. 2, 14, 47; Caes. B. C. 3, 93; Liv. 5, 40, 10; Val. Max. 9, 6, 3; Tac. A. 3, 72; Suet. Claud. 27 fin.; id. Dom. 22.—
And with a negation, = nondum: ipsa ego non longos etiam tum scissa capillos,
not yet long, Ov. H. 8, 79.—
7.
Tum etiam.
(α).
Followed by si or cum, even if, even when:
atque equidem filium Tum etiam si nolit, cogam,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 65:
qui tum etiam cum... circumfusi erant caligine,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 45.—
(β).
Then also, then too, besides:
tum etiam illud cogitatote, sic vivere Cornelium ut, etc.,
Cic. Balb. 28, 65; id. N. D. 1, 16, 43; so id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Fin. 2, 16, 53; Col. 12 praef.—
8.
Tum quoque.
(α).
Also then, then likewise, then as before, then as on another occasion mentioned before: ceu lapidem si Percutiat lapis aut ferrum;
nam tum quoque lumen Exsilit,
Lucr. 6, 162:
tum quoque homini plus tribui quam nescio cui necessitati,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 11, 28:
tum quoque multis milibus Latinorum in civitatem acceptis,
Liv. 1, 33, 5; 2, 52, 2; 21, 22, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 37; Ov. M. 14, 369.—
(β).
Even then, = etiam tum (rare):
et tamen tum quoque se absentes triumphare credunt,
Liv. 45, 38, 13; 39, 41, 3; 39, 47, 11; Ov. H. 17 (18), 190.—
(γ).
In orat. obliq. (v. I. A. 2.), even now:
quod si Romani tum quoque aequa aspernarentur,
Liv. 42, 62, 7. —
(δ).
= sic quoque, even under the circumstances, even as it was, etc. (v. sic, V. 3.): ut si effugium patuisset in publicum, impleturae urbem tumultu fuerint. Tum quoque [p. 1912] aliquotiens integro corpore evaserunt, Liv. 24, 26, 13; 40, 16, 6; 43, 4, 1;
9, 13, 9: tum quoque, amputata dextra, navem sinistra comprehendit,
Just. 2, 9, 18.—
9.
Tum ipsum = eo ipso tempore, at the very time, just then, even then (only in Cic. in four passages; cf.:
nunc ipsum): tota igitur ratio talium largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum... moderanda est,
Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:
quem quidem cum sua voluntate ex patria Karthaginem revertisset, tum ipsum cum vigiliis et fame cruciaretur, clamat virtus beatiorem fuisse quam Thorium,
id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv. ad loc.:
tum ipsum cum immolare velis extorum fieri mutatio potest,
id. Div. 1, 52, 118:
ita (oratores), non injuria, quotienscunque dicerent, id quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,
id. Or. 1, 27, 123.—
C.
Tum with co-ordinating particles.
1.
Tum autem.
(α).
= praeterea, and then, besides (v. I. C. 1.): turpilucricupidum te vocant cives tui;
tum autem sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64:
oves scabrae sunt... Tum autem Surorum nemo exstat qui ibi sex menses vixerit,
id. ib. 2, 4, 141; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 4, 2, 3; id. Poen. 5, 5, 34; 5, 7, 22; Ter. And. 1, 5, 34; id. Eun. 5, 9, 7; id. Hec. 2, 1, 14; 3, 2, 10:
tum autem qui non ipso honesto movemur... callidi sumus, non boni,
Cic. Leg. 1, 14, 41; id. Or. 1, 58, 247; 2, 19, 80.—
(β).
= tum... tum:
visne igitur inter hos populos inambulantes, tum autem residentes quaeramus eisdem de rebus?
Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 15.—
(γ).
= eo tempore, with autem as connective:
tum illic autem Lemnius... uxorem duxit, etc.,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 25:
tum autem ex omnibus montibus nives proluit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 48.—
(δ).
But in this instance:
uxori emunda ancilla'st: tum autem pluscula Supellectile opus est,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 60; 5, 7, 25 sq.—
2.
For tum etiam, v. B. 7. b.—
3.
Tum praeterea:
nam tui similis est probe. Tum praeterea talem, nisi tu, nulla pareret filium,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 20; so id. Ad. 3, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33; Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56 (v. I. C. 3. e. l).—
4.
Tum porro:
tum porro venti magnam quoque tollere partem Umoris possunt,
Lucr. 6, 623; 4, 829 (827).—
D.
Quid tum?
1.
In dialogue, what then? what next? what further? novi ego hos pugnos meos. Ca. Quid tum? Th. Quid tum? Rogitas? Hisce ego, si tu me inritaveris, placidum te hodie reddam, Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 49; so id. As. 2, 2, 83; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 47; 3, 5, 66; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 8.—And strengthened:
quid tum postea?
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; id. As. 2, 2, 68; 2, 2, 79; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 78; 4, 2, 9; 4, 7, 23; id. Ad. 4, 5, 15; id. Hec. 4, 1, 36: videsne abundare me otio? A. Quid tum? Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 26.—
2.
In imitation of a dialogue:
at mulctantur bonis exsules. Quid tum? Parumne multa de toleranda paupertate dicuntur?
Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107; so id. Quint. 22, 72; 27, 84; id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 132; id. Dom. 47, 123; id. Dejot. 7, 22; id. Phil. 1, 10, 26; Hor. S. 2, 3, 230.—
3.
As emphatic co-ordinative in quoting the different items of a document, law, etc.: quive in senatu sententiam dixit, dixerit. Quid tum? Qui eorum coiit, coierit, etc., what next? i. e. and then, listen! Cic. Clu. 54, 148; so id. Agr. 1, 5, 16; 3, 3, 11; id. Mur. 12, 26; id. Fl. 23, 55.—
E.
Tum temporis = eo tempore (post class. and rare; cf.:
tunc temporis): postera die civitas principem suum, ac tum temporis consulem in foro expectabat,
Just. 31, 2, 6.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tum

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